Skills and Personality Traits of Successful Project Managers

Skills and Personality Traits of Successful Project Managers Tom Osaer amp; Kristin Hart BIT 562 Spring Semester Professor David Wood Walsh College Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Skills and Traits †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Signs One Is Not Cut Out to Be a Project Manager †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Communication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 7 Leadership Skills †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 8 Conflict Resolution †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Personal Characteristics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 Annotated†¦show more content†¦For the first time, in 2012 the Standish Group included emotional maturity in their CHAOS report as one of the critical success factors for an IT project. In his article, â€Å"IT Success and Failure – the Standish Group CHAOS Report Success Factors,† Carroll points out that the Standish Group’s â€Å"analysis of emotional maturity is largely about character and behavior,† and the fact that it’s ranked fourth (only executive support, user involvement, and clear business objectives are higher) sends the message that â€Å"at one level technical stuff will get done if and only if you have competent people actually doing it – it’s make or break.† He goes on to summarize, â€Å"good people who know what they are trying to achieve, with good involvement amp; communication with who they’re achieving it for, when well-supported, will succeed if success is possible.† â€Å"Competent† is the key trait, but what skills define it? Schwalbe states, â€Å"Achieving high performance on projects requires soft skills, otherwise called human relations skills. Some of these skills include effective communication, influencing the organization to get things done, leadership, motivation, negotiation, conflict management, and problem solving.† (2011, p. 23). In today’s economic market, though, there is more emphasis on globalization than in the past, with stakeholders and/or project teams being increasingly spread out over different parts of the company, differentShow MoreRelatedEssay on Annotated Bibliography: Leadership1362 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., Landfield, K., Watts, A. L., Rubenzer, S., Faschingbauer, T. R. (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,  103(3), 489 -505. http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=truedb=pdhAN=2012-19403-001site=eds-livescope=site InRead MoreWeek 7 Leadership Paper1424 Words   |  6 PagesArticle 1: Fearless Dominance and the U.S. Presidency: Implications of PsychopathicPersonality Traits for Successful and Unsuccessful Political Leadership by S.O. Lilienfeld, I.D. Waldman, K. Landfield, A.L. Watts, S. Rubenzer and T. Faschinbauer. Article 2: Impact of personal growth projects on leadership identity development by J. Williams. Article 3: Leadership Styles and AssociatedPersonality Traits: Support for the Conceptualisation of Transactional and Transformational Leadership by R. Van EedenRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Implications Of Psychopathic Personality Traits For Successful And Unsuccessful Political Leadership1312 Words   |  6 PagesImplications of psychopathic Personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 489-505. Lilienfeld et al., (2010) examined the attentiveness of psychopathic personality traits that aligned with job performance and leadership of the past presidents including George W. Bush, whereas their successful or unsuccessful behaviors were a matter of public records. The description of a psychopathic personality is conveyed as superficialRead MoreBig Five Personality Model Of A Professional Workplace964 Words   |  4 PagesBig Five Personality Model A professional workplace is an environment that produces numerous challenging situations and if not handled correctly, could create a very unproductive organization. A well-qualified employee is selected to be responsible for overseeing many aspects of a company, including difficult situations that arise between co-workers. The term given to this worker is a manager; their main task in the organization is to help other employees work more effectively towards their goalsRead More1.The Role Of The Project Manager On Construction Projects..1062 Words   |  5 Pages1.The role of the project manager on construction projects. Generally, as a project manager, he(or she) should be able to have thorough control of time, cost and quality of the project, and have the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling and closure of a project. The following are some specifications: 1) Leader of the team A project manager should form and lead a team which has the professionals and specialists, and enable themRead MoreThe Career Of A Professional Workplace937 Words   |  4 Pagesthis worker is a manager; their main task in the organization is to get things done through the efforts of other people. This may sound like a rather simple task, but it is very deep and layered with different difficulties. Henry Mintzberg, an internationally renowned author on business and management, broke down the tasks a manager faces into ten different interrelated roles. According to Mintzberg’s managerial roles, there are three categories that break up the ten roles a manager performs: InterpersonalRead MoreItm533 It Project, Logistics, and Contract Management1215 Words   |  5 PagesITM533 IT Project, Logistics, and Contract Management Summer 07 Module 1 Case Assignment Dr. Kathleen Hargiss Project management is definitely more art than science. Project teams consist of people and no two people, personalities, or skill sets are the same. This is the project manager’s blessing and curse. Given the 14 Key Principles for Project Management Success (Greer 1999), no two project managers will interpret these principles the same, nor will they execute their duties with equalRead MoreTeam Building1557 Words   |  7 Pagesare seen as important to the successful set-up and launch of a team effort. These ingredients are selecting participants, establishing goals, assignment of roles, matching personality types, support Team Building 3 within the team, and communication between team members and leaders (Lafasto, 2001). Selecting participants The first important ingredient for team building is selecting participants to be on the team. The team leader usually looks for specific skills in his or her members in orderRead MoreEconomic Liberalization- Overview1065 Words   |  4 Pagescountry which is different from their own, to accomplish a job or organization related goal for a pre-designated temporary time period of usually more than six months and less than five years in one term.† The number of employees working abroad for a project/assignment or a related business affair has drastically increased in the last couple of years. Reports from the World Bank and the UN state that there were a ‘mere’ 73 million expatriates worldwide in the year 1960. That figure grew to 215 millionRead MoreThe Assessment And The Myers Briggs Type Indicator876 Words   |  4 Pagesor even full agreement as to what exactly motivates individuals to be successful. The extensive amount of research has included studies across a variety of work settings and at the level of the individual, the group, and the organization leaving us with many theories to explore. Researchers have identified and agreed upon that individual behavior and personality relate to individual performance. I am no different. PERSONALITY Based on the Keirsey assessment and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Struggle For Independence Pivotal Battles of the Revolution

Americans of the eighteenth century might question: What were the most pivotal battles of the revolution? Was it at Saratoga, where the British marched through the dense forests of Massachusetts, trying to isolate the northern colonies and then attack them? When the Americans in Massachusetts heard of this plan, they constructed a plan to attack this convoy? Wa s it at Trenton, when Washington took his men on December 25th across the frigid Delaware River to surprise the Hessians? Then captured around 1,500 Hessians, and marched through the city of Philadelphia. Was it at Yorktown, where the final battle was held against the British? And were assisted by the French in taking down British forts. The most pivotal battles of the†¦show more content†¦Even though Bemis Heights had more deaths at six hundred, the warfare was more brutal at Freeman’s Farm. â€Å"The British, who enjoyed a degree of success at Freemans Farm, now suffered from reduced rations, and t heir horses died of starvation.†(American Revolution). The British general John Burgoynes men were shivering in the cold fall nights while still wearing their summer uniforms The second battle was Bemis heights, where 1,600 British were sent to flank the Americans. Then the Americans launched two attacks on British redoubts. By this time, Burgoyne was waiting for reinforcements when British general William Howe (the reinforcements) decided to attack the rebel capital Philadelphia. Now Burgoynes supplies were coming more infrequently. Five thousand eight hundred and ninety five hessian and British troop surrendered on October 17, 1777, after the battle of Bemis heights. After the battle, the Americans signed the Treaty of Amity and Commerce, allying them with the French. This battle changed the nature of the war because having a treaty with France caused an international conflict. This battle changed the nature of the war, and annihilated about 83 percent of Burgoyneâ€⠄¢s infantry. The Battle of Trenton was another key part of the American Revolution, because it granted the Americans a chance to win the war. Before the war started, Washington retreated from The BattleShow MoreRelatedRevolutionary Mothers : Women During The Struggle For America s Independence773 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America’s Independence† is neither a romantic tale nor an attempt to revise traditional history by making women the pivotal players in war for independence. It does not tell one woman’s story, but many, and not all of those stories end in victory or triumph. The book examines a revolution, or war, that is blurred between the battlefield and the home front. It views the struggle of war through the eyes of women who found themselves willingly and unwillinglyRead MoreEssay about American Success in Achieving Independence1517 Words   |  7 PagesWas American success in achieving independence du e more to General Washington’s strategic skill or to British blunders? Introduction The British military was considered the strongest in the world at the outreach of fighting between England and the American colonies in 1775. Britain had just defeated France and the Indians in the Seven Years War and had attained its prominence as a world’s superpower. Yet despite Britain’s overpowering military dominance, the British found themselves unable toRead MoreThe Vision For Americ A Country Divided978 Words   |  4 PagesWar, the Federalists and the Jeffersonians would dictate the country’s future through their decisions. After gaining independence from Britain, the United States would need a clear path to endure the future hardships and struggles, and the founding fathers would need to decide where to lead it. The Jeffersonians, the staunch defenders of the everyman and of states’s rights, would battle the Federalists, those who saw the need for a strong national government to stabilize the economy and unify the existingRead MoreBattles That Changed the Outcome of the American Revolution Essay example1481 Words   |  6 Pages Battles that Changed the Outcome The Americans started out as a bunch of uncivilized colonies, but after the revolutionary war, they become a strong country that beat Britain for freedom. On Christmas night General George Washington makes a bold decision to cross the Delaware and ambushed the Hessians. Although risky, Washington brought new life to his rag tag army. General Burgoyne decides that in order to win this war, he needs to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies. Burgoyne’sRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War, And The Declaration Of Independence1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Colonial Period in America was a revolutionary era that lasted through the years of 1607-1776. The Speech in the Virginia Convention, written by Patrick Henry, and the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, were two major components that influenced the colonists to fight for their freedom against the British. During these Colonials times, many speeches, events, and documents, leading up to the Am erican Revolutionary War, impacted the outcome of our nation today. The SpeechRead MoreWas The American Revolution Revolutionary?1549 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion of to what extent was the American Revolution revolutionary, one must define qualifications to accredit such a revolution. Is a revolution defined as a complete and utmost overthrow of an established government by a new regime? Or is a revolution defined as a subversive change in societal values/roles that changes the structures of a pre-existing social order? Or possibly both? In light of both definitions, one can evaluate that the American Revolution was indeed revolutionary because AmericanRead MoreThe Revolutionary Revolution And The Mexican Revolution2470 Words   |  10 PagesMexicans in Revolution, 1910-1946: An Introduction, â€Å"The roots of the Revolution reached back to the successful programs of the government of Porfirio Dà ­az and his regime, called the Porfiriato, that governed the republic from 1876 to 1911.†1 Francisco Madero, a representative for the common people and a candidate in the presidential election in 1910, promoted a resistance that opposed the reelection of Diaz. Eventually, the struggle to overthrow Diaz resulted in the Mexican Revolution. Madero’s forcesRead MoreThe Revolution Of The 19th Century1609 Words   |  7 Pagesof Venezuela was that young man, Simon Bolivar, regarded by many as the greatest genius that the Latin American world has ever produced. His life was profoundly influential on the history of the Americas, and it changed them for the better. The revolution began when Napoleon conquered Spain in the Peninsular war. He then installed his brother Joseph as king of Spain, booting out the Bourbon Dynasty. This inflamed the tensions that had been going on in the Spanish American colonies for a long timeRead MoreWomen s Influence On American History Essay1790 Words   |  8 Pagescolonial period, and the U.S independence are some of the predominant events that characterize the American history. Ways in which women influenced colonial America, the Revolution, and U.S. Independence In the United States, women played an imperative role that is clearly depicted in American history. Women’s significance was apparent in imperative historical events such as the American Revolution, struggle for independence, and the colonial America. During the American Revolution, women contributed significantlyRead More William B. Willcoxs The Age of Aristocracy Essay1918 Words   |  8 Pagesbooks focus is upon the interdependency of society and event to recreate a sense of what Smith calls the majestic sweep of history from 1688 to 1830. Willcox begins and ends his history with the spoils and applications of revolution. Between the Glorious Revolution and the introduction of the Reform Bill in 1831, Willcox sees the rise and gradual fall of a British aristocracy that ruled. . . as never before or since (236), and provided the transition from the world of post-medieval feudalism

An interpretation of Love in Chang-Rae Lee’s “A Gesture Life” Free Essays

Love, as they say moves in mysterious ways, we can say that it really did in Chang-Rae Lee’s novel â€Å"A Gesture Life.† The novel was basically about the life of Franklin â€Å"Doc† Hata and his reminiscing of his colorful and interesting past to restore his present life. The bulk of the narrative was mostly about how Hata expresses his love for the other characters in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on An interpretation of Love in Chang-Rae Lee’s â€Å"A Gesture Life† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Interestingly, â€Å"A Gesture Life† is certainly not the kind of story that portrays love in a typical manner. It is quite amusing that there are lots of ironies if love was to be discussed in this book . This essay will show the readers that the desire for love in â€Å"A Gesture Life† had ironically hindered the acquisition of love. The novel of Chang-Rae Lee was basically about probably the worst kind of tragedy there is, not being loved by everyone even by oneself. If we are to classify the different forms of love in â€Å"A Gesture Life,† there are lots of technical terms that are always related to the concept of love like agape, pragmatic love, eros, complex chemical reactions and terms like pheromones and dopamine, and lots of scientific terms that few of us comprehends. This essay will only employ types of love that is understandable by all for the purpose of keeping this essay from being too general. This essay will focus on the main character’s love for the other characters and concepts in his life. But the essay will not settle for mere descriptions of the protagonist’s love, it will show the reader how love had been distorted and given meanings by the traumas that the protagonist had suffered during the war. The first kind of love from the novel is the love for acceptance. The protagonist Hata, had been begging (although he didn’t express this explicitly) for acceptance from the people in his life and his neighborhood. Hata was too careful about everything he does in his neighborhood. That is because he doesn’t want to commit mistakes that could get him noticed. He wanted a low-profile life in his neighborhood because he has this assumption that he will be the target of discrimination in the community. But contrary to what Hata is thinking, the citizen’s of his community, Bedley Run, appears to like Hata, but in the way Hata wants them to like him. Hata was treated like an Oriental mascot because the people in Bedley Run seem to like him only for the differences he and most of the people in Bedley Run share. Hata speaks of his love for acceptance in his community, â€Å"†¦my assumption is that once I settle in†¦I will be treated like as people should be treated† (Lee 3).   His assumptions of being accepted was brutally debunked by what had transpired during his stay in Bedley Run, â€Å"It seems to me that people took a weird interest in making me feel that I am unwelcome† (Lee 3) Hata’s love for acceptance didn’t end with his failed attempt with his neighborhood. It appears that Hata’s love for his adopted daughter Sunny, whom he had adopted when he was still in Korea when Sunny was just a child. While Sunny was growing up, she and her father were having endless disputes. In the long run, Sunny ran away from home even when she was just a teenager. Later in the story, Hata will have the chance to make up with her daughter. Sunny went back to Hata and asks for support for she was pregnant. Irritatingly, Hata denied Sunny’s plea for support. Hata had prioritized more his and his family’s reputation more than the well being of her daughter. It appears that even though Hata loves her daughter, his family’s reputation weighs more than the affection of his daughter. This is Hata’s real and unfortunate dilemma. He had stated several times in the narrative that he loves her daughter very much, but still he is quite unable show his love. After this he will contemplate heavily as to why his life is devoid of love, he will contemplate heavily as to why his life is remote to the lives of the ones he dears most. Hata’s weird and unproductive approach to love will backfire at him at the most tragic of scenarios. Hata had accidentally brought his house on fire and he was hurt in the fire and was hospitalized. After that he was caught in a web of nostalgia, he reminisced about the time he served as a paramedic in an army camp in the pacific war. There he had fallen in love with a certain woman whom he calls â€Å"K† who was about the same age as her adopted daughter Sunny. He had loved K as genuinely a man could love a woman. He was even willing to die and kill for K as she had committed murder and Hata was willing to offer help in covering up. But then, just like in the bulk of the story, Hata’s love remains unrequited. K had viewed his love as having ill intentions. K thought that Hata was only after her youth and was only after sex. This tragic memory of Hata had some great effects in later in his life especially the relationships he had, especially with her daughter. In a weird but true manner, Hata’s kind of loves are real and unfortunately remains unrequited. Hata’s situation is what we see everyday happening to real people. That is just the truthfulness that made this story a success. The novel â€Å"A Gesture Life† may have been talking about the tragic life of Hata when it comes to love, but what it was actually talking about is how some people find it very hard to be loved just because they themselves find it hard to love others. In the story, Hata seems to be the kind of person who never knew the feeling of being loved. He has this hunger to be loved by the people around him. This for me is one of the reasons why many people find it easy to empathize with the character of Hata. Work Cited Lee, Chang-Rae. A Gesture Life. CA: Riverhead books. 1999    How to cite An interpretation of Love in Chang-Rae Lee’s â€Å"A Gesture Life†, Essay examples

Post Operative Nursing Intervention Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Question: Describe about the Post Operative Nursing Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Answer: 1. 65 year old Mr. Jensen underwent an open reduction and external fixation of the open fracture of his right tibia and fibula. He has a history of type 2 Diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Clinical measurements were made post-operatively on arrival to the ward. His right leg was cool to touch and pain score was 7 on a scale of 1-10. There was serious oozing of fluid from the fracture and pin sites. His heart rate was high, 107BPM, and blood pressure was significantly low, 104/55 mmHg. His temperature, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation levels did not show any significant deviation from the normal values. The urine output measured via IDC Floey was normal although the urine was dilute. Mr. Jansen is suffering from moderate post-operative hypovolemia. His vital signs are clear implications of the condition. Hypotension, tachycardia and a moderately increased respiratory rate are explicit determinants of hypovolemia (Convertino, Cooke Holcomb, 2006).In postoperative conditions hypovolemia is generally regarded as secondary to blood loss (Pacagnella et al., 2013). Anesthetics administered during the operation can also act as a contributing factor for hypovolemic conditions (Haskins, 2006). Hypovolemia is a disease of excessive fluid and electrolyte loss or blood loss from the body. Deficiency of fluid volume decreases capillary hydrostatic pressure and fluid transport, because of which normal cellular functions like metabolism, nutrient and oxygen supply, etc. are disrupted (Munson Traister, 2005). Considering the vital stats of the patient onset of moderate hypovolemic shock can be inferred. The body employs several physiological responses in a hypovolemic condition with the prime aim to prevent further loss of water and electrolytes. Due to loss of the vascular volume the filling pressure of the heart declines, hence, the change in fiber lengths of the cardiac muscles and a subsequent reduction in the force of contraction occurs which is consistent with the Sterling Law of heart contractions (Bajwa Kulshrestha, 2012). Tachycardia observed in the patient is a result of the cardiovascular adaptation the body is going through. When the body tries to compensate for the low circulating fluid volume, it pumps faster to circulate the fluid left as fast as possible i.e. to increase the cardiac output of the body. This is consistent with the notion that Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output (Keurs Noble 2012). In this case, as the Stroke Volume is decreased (due to hypovolemia) the body increases the Heart Rate to maintain a constant Cardiac Output. In severe cases, this compensation is not enough to maintain a steady Cardiac Output and both, the Stoke Volume and the Cardiac Output suffer a decrease from normal va lue. The loss of fluid causes a decrease in blood pressure of the patient. The reduction in Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output contributes to the reduction in mean arterial pressure. For patient with a history of hypertension his systolic and diastolic pressures are considerably low as there is insufficient blood in the circulatory system. The patient may have suffered from severe blood loss from the open fracture of tibia and fibula he suffered during the accident. Anesthetics affect the cardiovascular system in various ways causing hypotension, vasodialation, and decrease in systemic vascular resistance. The ultimate consequences ate tachycardia and hypotension. The respiratory rate suffered a moderate increase as the tissues are not perfused properly and there is a lack of oxygen supply to the cells (Mestek Lisogurski 2014). The lungs try to compensate for the lack of oxygen by increasing the breathing rate and thus increasing the gas exchange efficiency. The human body reacts to hypovolemia by employing several physiological compensatory mechanisms. Immediately after loss of fluids there is a baroreceptor-mediated response where the fall in cardiac output is compensated by sympathetically mediated increase in peripheral resistance. Baroreceptors are present in the atria and pulmonary arteries of the heart. They can detect a lowering of blood pressure and respond to it accordingly. They respond by activating the sympathetic nervous system and by releasing atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). The release of catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine by the sympathetic nervous system promotes peripheral vasoconstriction, increases the cardiac contractility and the heart rate (Ryan et al., 2012). Tachycardia helps in sufficient redistribution of the blood to the vital organs. Renal volume receptors are another set of receptors that respond to fluid volume changes in the body. The volume receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and the afferent arterioles act via the rennin- angiotensin-aldosterone system. It promotes the retention of Na+ in the body (San-Cristobal et al., 2009) by increasing reabsorption of the same, which subsequently help restore the normal fluid volume of the body. Considering all the vital signs of the patient and his medical history it can be concluded that the patient is currently suffering from moderate post-operative hypovolemic shock, which needs continuous monitoring and nursing attention. Any deterioration in the vital signs must be addressed immediately. 2. The first priority problem of the patient is the pain of the operated region the patient is suffering from. Open Reduction and External Fixation of tibia and fibula is related to several postoperative complications. A few common problems are relevant to the case of Mr. Jansen. His pain score is 7 on a scale of 1-10, which need to be taken care of and monitored. Swelling of the affected limb is observed, which is common postoperatively. The pain maybe related to the edema of the leg, or muscle spasms suffered as result of trauma of the operation. Although edema is a normal sin of healing after tissue injury, persistence of edematous fluid in the interstitium may cause injury to the nearby soft tissues and joint structures. It can hinder the rehabilitation of the patient delay the wound healing procedure by preventing the washout of wound elements that may lead to the stimulation of pain receptors and also stimulate the nocioceptors by applying fluid pressure which also causes event ual pain in the concerned region. Often the pressure of the edematous fluid also affects the lymphatic system. The lymphatic vessels may collapse or suffer damage because of edema. Preventive strategies should consider the influence on the pain receptors as well as the lymphatic system ("Treatment of Post-Surgical Edema in the Orthopedic Patient A Case Report", 2016). Hypovolemia is the second most important priority problem of the patient. Signs of tachycardia and hypotension are fairly logical considering that the patient is suffering from hypovolemia from postoperative trauma and blood loss during the accident. Hypovolemia may lead to insufficient or reduced blood flow to the different organs of the body, vascular injury, tissue trauma and edema as already observed in the patient. Increased pressure in muscle compartment may cause Acute Limb Compartment Syndrome (ALCS) (Wall et al., (2010), which leads to compromised perfusion of the tissues and ischemic conditions. Failure to take necessary actions and precautions may result in necrosis and even limb amputation. The most frequently affected sites of Acute Limb Compartment Syndrome are forearms and legs ("Peripheral neurovascular observations for acute limb compartment syndrome", 2016). Reduction in circulating volume lowers the venous return to the blood irrespective of the causes and fall in arterial pressure is a consequence of severe hypovolemia. Prolonged hypovolemia may cause severe dysfunction of the peripheral neurovascular system. The intravenous Hartmans solution the patient is being provided with should be controlled according to his needs, as administration of excess fluids can cause other significant consequences. Overall, the hypovolemic condition of the patient and the swelling and pain of the affected limb is of utmost importance for nursing care presently. 3. After precise examination and evaluation of the patients condition two nursing goals are of extreme priority: Pain Management and Fluid Resuscitation. Various nursing interventions can be applied for pain management of the patient. The prime outcomes to be expected out of the interventions are to verbalize the relief of pain, ensure that the patient sleeps and rests in comfortable and relaxed postures and finally demonstration of relaxation skills and diversion activities particularly relevant to the patients condition. Achieving these goals may alleviate the stress, anxiety, pain, immobility and muscle spasms the patient is suffering from. The appointed doctor should be consulted and made aware of the assessment data for any further change in medication. Fluid resuscitation, the other primary concern regarding the patient condition can be achieved through various monitoring and corresponding intervention procedures. The main aim is to maintain sufficient tissue perfusion, which can be monitored by observation of the palpable pulses, skin temperature, and sensation of the affected region, vital signs like blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate, and the urine output of the patient. Fluid balance of the body is a highly sensitive physiological parameter for the normal functioning of the body. 4. Patient-specific pain alleviation in a postoperative patient is always recommended (Corke, 2013). Specific nursing interventions are indispensable in context of the patient, as the recovery process may take substantial amount of time considering the severity of the open fracture and the age of the patient (Imani, 2011). Primarily the nurse need to ensure that the affected part is maintained in an immobilized position with the aid of traction, cast or bed rest. Pillows or plastic materials are to be avoided to support the leg. An elevated position is to be maintained. This can promote the venous return to the heart, reduce edema, which in turn can reduce the pain sensations. Immobilization prevents further tissue injury and displacement of bone. Following the nursing standards and guidelines proper documentation of the location and intensity of pain must be done using the intensity scale of 1-10. Non-verbal cues such as vital signs, behaviors and emotions also require documenting. Continuous monitoring can provide information regarding the effectiveness of interventions. As the patient has undergone operation in the recent past direct physical intervention are not recommended in any way. Therapeutic interventions may prove to be effective in this particular case. Psychological and emotional support along with managing stress by deep-breathing exercises, visualization of imagery, etc. may augment the pain coping abilities of the patient. This can be particularly useful when long-term persistence of pain is observed, which not improbable in this context. Conducting discussion sessions and talking about the problems and difficulties the patient is suffering helps the patient to manage postoperative stress and anxiety. Psychological counseling may be required to make the patient cope with the trauma of the accident experience. The complication regarding hypovolemia may affect the patient in various adverse ways and disrupt the normal physiological homeostasis of the body if not addressed with special care and actions. Evaluating the peripheral pulse nearest to the injury site monitoring its presence and quality reflects the blood circulation of that region. Decrease of absence of peripheral pulse is a good indicator of vasculature rupture caused by injury. Recording the skin temperature and coloration can provide ample information regarding circulation of the concerned region. Pale, white skin with a low temperature indicates arterial impairment. Cyanosis or bluish skin indicates venous impairment. Extreme pain in regard to the type of injury and/or increase of pain on passive movement must be reported to the doctor. Paraesthesia or damage to peripheral nerves may occur due to fluid pressure of the edema (Queiroz et al., 2009). Continual bleeding or progressive edema formation can lead to abnormal blood fl ow, ischemia and onset of compartmental syndrome. Al the mentioned conditions require immediate medical intervention and hence the symptoms should be promptly reported to the concerned practitioner. Sudden signs of limb ischemia need proper investigation; dislocation of the fractured bones may lead to the damage of adjacent blood vessels hindering blood flow to the extremities. Encouraging the patient to perform routine movements of the digits of the affected limb can somewhat promote blood circulation to the extremities. For patients whose operated parts remain immobile for a long period of time thrombosis and embolism are considerably common medical conditions. Thrombosis of blood may lead to inflammation of the walls of the blood vessels causing Thrombophlebitis (Di Nisio, Wichers Middeldorp, 2007). Even a minor embolus can lead to pulmonary embolism in patients (Torbicki et al., 2008). Tenderness and swelling of the region is of special interest in this regard, as at an old age often there is reduced sensation of pain. Vital signs those are indicative of insufficient tissue perfusion needs monitoring on a regular basis. Applying ice bags on a around the region of fracture for very short periods may reduce hematoma and edema formation. Relevant neurovascular assessments should be made on a periodic basis. To sum up, patient-centered care is mandatory for serious cases per se. Nurses without adequate expertise and relevant training are not recommended for critical patients as such. References Bajwa, S. S., Kulshrestha, A. (2012). Diagnosis, prevention and management of postoperative pulmonary edema. Annals of medical and health sciences research, 2(2), 180. Convertino, V. A., Cooke, W. H., Holcomb, J. B. (2006). Arterial pulse pressure and its association with reduced stroke volume during progressive central hypovolemia. Journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 61(3), 629-634. Corke, P. (2013). Postoperative pain management. Australian Prescriber, 36(6). Di Nisio, M., Wichers, I. M., Middeldorp, S. (2007). Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. The Cochrane Library. Haskins, S. C. (2006). Comparative cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of sedatives and anesthetic agents and anesthetic drug selection for the trauma patient. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 16(4), 300-328. Imani, F. (2011). Postoperative pain management. Anesthesiology and pain medicine, 1(1), 6-7. Keurs, H., Noble, M. I. (Eds.). (2012). Starlings law of the heart revisited (Vol. 89). Springer Science Business Media. Kreimeier, U. (2000). Pathophysiology of fluid imbalance. Critical Care, 4(2), 1. Mestek, M., Lisogurski, D. (2014). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/509,302. Pacagnella, R. C., Souza, J. P., Durocher, J., Perel, P., Blum, J., Winikoff, B., Glmezoglu, A. M. (2013). A systematic review of the relationship between blood loss and clinical signs. PLoS One, 8(3), e57594. Peripheral neurovascular observations for acute limb compartment syndrome. (2016). www2.rcn.org.uk. Retrieved 13 September 2016, from https://www2.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/604030/Peripheral_neurovascular_observations_for_acute_limb_compartment_syndrome.pdf Queiroz, G. S., dos Santos, A. F. R., Pereira, R. J., Pereira, G. L. H., Freitas-Junior, R. (2009). Prevalence of paresthesia, fatigue, edema and pain after treatment for breast cancer. Applied Cancer Research, 29(4), 173-178. Ryan, K., Rickards, C. A., Hinojosa-Laborde, C., Cooke, W. H., Convertino, V. (2012). Sympathetic responses to central hypovolemia: new insights from microneurographic recordings. Frontiers in physiology, 3, 110. San-Cristobal, P., Pacheco-Alvarez, D., Richardson, C., Ring, A. M., Vazquez, N., Rafiqi, F. H., ... Hebert, S. C. (2009). Angiotensin II signaling increases activity of the renal Na-Cl cotransporter through a WNK4-SPAK-dependent pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(11), 4384-4389. Torbicki, A., Perrier, A., Konstantinides, S., Agnelli, G., Gali, N., Pruszczyk, P., ... Klepetko, W. (2008). Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. European heart journal, 29(18), 2276-2315. Treatment of Post-Surgical Edema in the Orthopedic Patient A Case Report. (2016). www.lymphnet.org. Retrieved 13 September 2016, from https://lymphnet.org/membersOnly/dl/reprint/Vol.%2022/Vol.22-No.2%20CS-1.pdf Vadivelu, N., Mitra, S., Narayan, D. (2010). Recent advances in postoperative pain management. The Yale journal of biology and medicine, 83(1), 11. Wall, C. J., Lynch, J., Harris, I. A., Richardson, M. D., Brand, C., Lowe, A. J., Sugrue, M. (2010). Clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute limb compartment syndrome following trauma. ANZ journal of surgery, 80(3), 151-156.

Brilliant Classification Essay Topics Questions

If you’re a student, your instructor will require you to write a classification essay at some point. You may get stuck in the process as you lack the necessary skills or knowledge on how to do it. You don’t have to worry since we will offer you a guide you can use to come up with the best classification essay papers. Making It Simple: How to Select the Best Classification Essay Topic? Choosing the essay topic may not be easy, but it’s essential. There are hints you can use in the process to make your classification essay assignment enjoyable and comfortable. When choosing an essay topic, make sure you have a lasting interest for that topic, and enjoy it. Always ensure your write-up category is from a particular angle. Proper essay categorization makes writing easy and enjoyable. You may have realized that some essay topics have a lot of information than others when you are choosing an essay topic. A broad topic that has a lot of information makes writing messy and tiring. You can avoid getting confused by concentrating on a narrow scope and narrowing down your thoughts. After choosing an essay topic and making a write-up, you could reread your essay to ensure there are no mixed up ideas and information. Make sure there is a smooth flow of ideas throughout the essay. When selecting the perfect classification topic, you should keenly brainstorm your ideas. When you understand the concepts in your essay, you will be able to put them into their relevant categories. In a case where there are many ideas, you should ensure to categorize them into a maximum of 5 key points. A Comprehensive List of Classification Essay Topics There are various compelling essay topics you could choose from based on the ideas your passion and interest. Classification essays are written in various disciplines/spheres and deal with multiple subjects. The following are some of the examples you may use. Classification topics on business are always amazing subjects to look at since they generally cover controversial problems that may need attention. These topics include: Business decision strategies Forms of leadership Varieties of legal entities New businesses funding options Types of managerial skills required Forms of job applicant assessment tests Different ways of saving money Types of leaders: the good and the bad Different types of international conferences and forums Communication strategies used to resolve conflicts in firms. You could take a more entertaining side and choose topics on the subjects of entertainment and art. They will help you bring out the fun side of you. Take on a more humorous topic or have fun with your essay. These may include: Different ballroom dance styles Types of opera Forms of Latin dancing styles The different types of video games Music periods in history Types of movie endings Different forms of crafts Art movements and styles Halloween costume ideas Different types of artist careers Essay topics on a social matter. Social matters concern human interactions, and topics in this category include: Social groups today Important social values Ways of closing cultural gaps Essay topics classification on politics. Politics is about governance, and it matters a lot. There are many essay topics you will come across in the category. For instance: Forms of political parties International organizations that different countries participate in Current monarchies we have around the world Public speakers that have moved the world Political campaigns Different forms of voting systems Strategies used in political debates Political activists: ways to make a change Motives behind political careers Political regimes that have experienced the most singular events Frequently Asked Classification Essay Questions Your essay ideas must answer specific questions. Most essay questions are asked based on the essay topics we have provided above. In order to fully exhaust and write up an outstanding classification essay based on a given topic, you need to; Make the structure of your essay plausible. The paragraphs should follow a general structure of an essay: introduction, essay body, and conclusion. The introduction is the opening point of an essay. In the presentation, you must define the subject of the theme. You are supposed to describe the primary purpose of your paper and include the thesis statement. After the introduction, write the body of the essay. The body should contain three to five paragraphs. Each paragraph should have a key point, and you should ensure harmony and smooth flow of ideas in this section. Lastly, you have the conclusion which is the summary of the ideas and your arguments brought out in the article. You could also restate the thesis statement. Running Low on Your List of Classification Essay Ideas? We Can Help We understand that you may have trouble putting together an essay even after finding a suitable topic. That is why we have a team of experts always ready to help you with your essay assignments. Our pool of professional writers is experienced and has top-rated skills. Why burden yourself with pilling assignments when our writers can handle them for you? Let us do your homework and relax as our writers craft you a brilliant essay. Contact us now!

Henry J. Raymond

Henry J. Raymond Henry J. Raymond, political activist and journalist, founded the New York Times in 1851 and served as its dominant editorial voice for nearly two decades. When Raymond launched the Times, New York City was already home to thriving newspapers edited by prominent editors such as Horace Greeley and James Gordon Bennett. But the 31-year-old Raymond believed he could provide the public with something new, a newspaper devoted to honest and reliable coverage without overt political crusading. Despite Raymonds deliberately moderate stance as a journalist, he was always quite active in politics. He was prominent in Whig Party affairs until the mid-1850s, when he became an early supporter of the new anti-slavery Republican Party. Raymond and the New York Times helped bring Abraham Lincoln to national prominence after his February 1860 speech at Cooper Union, and the newspaper supported Lincoln and the Union cause throughout the Civil War. Following the Civil War, Raymond, who had been the chairman of the National Republican Party, served in the House of Representatives. He was involved in a number of controversies over Reconstruction policy and his time in Congress was extremely difficult. Habitually afflicted by overwork, Raymond died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age  of 49. His legacy was the creation of the New York Times and what amounted to a new style of journalism focused on the honest presentation of both sides of critical issues. Early Life Henry Jarvis Raymond was born in Lima, New York, on January 24, 1820. His family owned a prosperous farm and young Henry received a good childhood education. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1840, though not after becoming dangerously ill from overwork.   While in college he began to contribute  essays to a magazine edited by Horace Greeley. And after college he secured a job working for Greeley at his new newspaper, the New York Tribune. Raymond took to city journalism, and became indoctrinated with the idea that newspapers should perform a social service. Raymond befriended a young man in the Tribunes business office, George Jones, and the two began to think about forming their own newspaper. The idea was put on hold while Jones went to work for a bank in Albany, New York,  and Raymonds career took him to other newspapers and deepening involvement with Whig Party politics. In 1849, while working for a New York City newspaper, the Courier and Examiner, Raymond  was elected to the New York State legislature. He  was soon elected speaker of the assembly, but was determined to launch his own newspaper. In early 1851 Raymond was conversing with his friend George Jones in Albany, and they finally decided to start  their own newspaper. Founding of the New York Times With some investors from Albany and New York City, Jones and Raymond set about finding an office, purchasing a new Hoe printing press, and recruiting staff. And on September 18, 1851 the first edition appeared. On page two of the first issue Raymond issued a lengthy statement of purpose under the headline A Word About Ourselves. He explained that the paper was priced at one cent so as to obtain a large circulation and corresponding influence. He also took issue with speculation and gossip about the new paper which had circulated throughout the summer of 1851. He mentioned that the Times was rumored to be supporting several different, and contradictory, candidates. Raymond spoke eloquently about how the new paper would address issues, and he seemed to be making reference to the two dominant temperamental editors of the day, Greeley of the New York Tribune and Bennett of the New York Herald: We do not mean to write as if we were in a passion, unless that shall really be the case; and we shall make it a point to get into a passion as rarely as possible. There are very few things in this world which it is worthwhile to get angry about; and they are just the things that anger will not improve. In controversies with other journals, with individuals, or with parties, we shall engage only when, in our opinion, some important public interest can be promoted thereby; and even then, we shall endeavor to rely more upon fair argument than upon misrepresentation or abusive language. The new newspaper was successful, but its first years were difficult. Its hard to imagine the New York Tijmes as the scrappy upstart, but thats what it was as compared to Greeleys Tribune or Bennetts Herald. An incident from the early years of the Times demonstrates the competition among New York City newspapers at the time. When the steamship Arctic sank in September 1854, James Gordon Bennett arranged to have an interview with a survivor. Editors at the Times thought it unfair that Bennett and the Herald would have an exclusive interview, as the newspapers tended to cooperate in such matters. So the Times managed to get the earliest copies of the Heralds interview and set it in type and rushed their version out to the street first. By 1854 standards, the New York Times had essentially hacked the more established Herald. The antagonism between Bennett and Raymond percolated for years. In a move that would surprise those familiar with the modern New York Times, the newspaper published a mean-spirited ethnic caricature of Bennett in December 1861. The front-page cartoon depicted Bennett, who had been born in Scotland, as a devil playing a bagpipe. Talented Journalist Though Raymond was only 31 when he began editing the New York Times, he was already an accomplished journalist known for solid reporting skills and an astounding ability to not only write well but write very fast. Many stories were told about Raymonds ability to write quickly in longhand, immediately handing the pages to compositors who would set his words into type. A famous example was when the politician and great orator Daniel Webster died in October 1852. On October 25, 1852, the New York Times published a lengthy biography of Webster running to 26 columns. A  friend and colleague of Raymonds later recalled that Raymond had written 16 columns of it himself. He essentially wrote three complete pages of a daily newspaper in a few hours, between the time the news arrived by telegraph and the time the type had to go to press. Besides being an inordinately talented writer, Raymond loved the competition of city journalism. He guided the Times when they battled to be first on stories, such as when the steamship Arctic sank in September 1854 and all the papers were scrambling to get the news. Support for Lincoln In the early 1850s Raymond, like many others, gravitated to the new Republican Party as the Whig Party essentially dissolved. And when Abraham Lincoln began to rise to prominence in Republican circles, Raymond recognized him as having presidential potential. At the 1860 Republican convention, Raymond supported the candidacy of fellow New Yorker William Seward. But once Lincoln was nominated Raymond, and the New York Times, supported him. In 1864 Raymond was very active at the Republican National Convention at which Lincoln was renominated and Andrew Johnson added to the ticket. During that summer Raymond wrote to Lincoln expressing his fear that Lincoln would lose in November. But with military victories in the fall, Lincoln won a second term. Lincolns second term, of course, only lasted six weeks. Raymond, who had been elected to Congress, found himself generally at odds with the more radical members of his own party, including Thaddeus Stevens. Raymonds time in Congress was generally disastrous. It was often observed that his success in journalism did not extend to politics, and he would have been better off to stay out of politics entirely. The Republican Party did not renominate Raymond to run for Congress in 1868. And by that time he was exhausted from the constant internal warfare in the party.   On the morning of Friday, June 18, 1869, Raymond died, of an apparent cerebral hemorrhage, at his home in Greenwich Village.  The next days New York Times was published with thick black mourning borders between the columns on page one. The newspapers story announcing his death began: It is our sad duty to announce the death of Mr. Henry J. Raymond, the founder and editor of the Times, who died suddenly at his residence yesterday morning of an attack of apoplexy. The intelligence of this painful event, which has robbed American journalism of one of its more eminent supporters, and deprived the nation of a patriotic statesman, whose wise and moderate counsels can ill be spared at the present juncture of affairs, will be received with deep sorrow throughout the country, not alone by those who enjoyed his personal friendship, and shared his political convictions, but by those also who knew him only as a journalist and public man. His death will be felt as a national loss. Legacy of Henry J. Raymond Following the death of Raymond, the New York Times endured. And the ideas advanced by Raymond, that newspapers should report both sides of an issue and show moderation, eventually became standard in American journalism. Raymond was often criticized for not being able to make up his mind about about an issue, unlike his competitors Greeley and Bennett. He addressed that quirk of his own personality directly: If those of my friends who call me a waverer  could only know how impossible it is for me to see but one aspect of a question, or to espouse but one side of a cause, they would pity rather than condemn me; and however much I may wish myself differently constituted, yet I cannot unmake the original structure of my mind. His death at such a young age came as a shock to New York City and especially its journalistic community. The following day the main competitors of the New York Times, Greeleys Tribune and Bennetts Herald, printed heartfelt  tributes to Raymond.

Financial Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial Investment - Research Paper Example Ratio analysis and share price analyses are 2 most important and commonly used tools to analyze the financial position of a particular stock. A proper fundamental and technical analysis generally provides a basic idea regarding these aspects and helps investors make informed investment decisions. Generally the intrinsic value of the stock is determined from the financial facts given the annual report of the company using free-cash flows and it is compared to the current market price of the stock. When the stock is found to be undervalued then it provides an opportunity for the investor to buy the stocks at lower current price and then sell it in future when stock prices approaches target price. This strategy will help the investor make profits by buying stocks at lower price and then selling it when stock prices appreciates and ceteris paribus. Options for Investment Decision While there are many options available to an investor for investment, it is important to note that not all in vestment destinations are equally safe for investment when risk of investment is considered. The safest investment destination is government securities because there are very limited chances that the government will default. Another most commonly preferred investment avenue is common stocks of publicly traded companies. Companies whose stocks are listed in stock exchanges (like NASDAQ, NYSE, etc.) may be traded in secondary markets. But whenever the investor considers investment in equity oriented securities and stocks the risk of investment significantly increases. This is because when the investor buys equity shares of any company the investor actually subscribes to paid-up equity capital of the owners of the company. This automatically makes the investor the new stocks holder and assumes that the investor will bear the risk associated with business. Purchasing equity shares provides the investor the opportunity to earn dividends and residual profits proportionate to respective su bscription or investment. Equity stocks are risky because the shareholders are entitled to earn from investment only after all liabilities of the business entity has been paid-off. This means that in case the business has no profits left for distribution to shareholders after honoring business liability then no dividends will be paid to shareholders. Thus, investment in company stocks is both risky and rewarding in the sense that higher the risk the higher would be the expected return. It is advised that before making any investment decisions for investment in particular stocks the financial managers must gather all necessary information related to business regarding financial position, outstanding financial liabilities and the ability of the business to honor such liabilities. Company Overview The company chosen for financial analysis is Apple Inc. (Ticker Symbol AAPL) which is a Fortune 500 company whose shares are publicly traded. Apple Inc. is a leading hardware and software com pany which has headquarters in Cupertino, California, U.S. The company has over 400 global retail stores spread in over 14 countries and it is listed in NASDAQ as a publicly traded company. Apple also forms a component of S&P 500 composite index and NASDAQ-100 component. The financials of the company is very strong and for the year ending 2012, the company reported a net profit of over UD$ 41

International Law, the Vienna convention on the law of treaties 1969 Essay

International Law, the Vienna convention on the law of treaties 1969 - Essay Example recognized as such by the British expert Lord McNair, who recalled the MOU as "an informal but nevertheless legal agreement" between two or more parties. The State Sovereignty has the attributes of entering into agreements and treaties with foreign powers. No state can protect itself from the rest of the countries of the world on matters of foreign affairs or relations, international trade, environmental issues, communications or finance. This was strongly implemented after World War II. The great advances made in the field of communications and information technology and the arrival of globalization has made independent States inter-dependent on each other. Treaties can have a significant impact upon the economy and social and political situation of the country and to its people. Nowadays every State has either entered or in the course of entering into treaties be it multilateral or bilateral. Treaties need to have a proper set of laws after a comprehensive study of a particular matter and its perverse effects it can have on food security, indigenous knowledge, health care, the security and the life and livelihood of the citizens – whether beneficial or prejudicial. The treaty-making power is highly potent and can also have some serious harmful effects if not revised carefully. The parliament of a country’s government is competent to make a law and so treaty-making power is not within the exclusive competence of the Executive. it is obvious that the Parliament is competent to make a law with respect to the several matters mentioned in the above entries. In other words, treaty-making is not within the exclusive competence of the Executive. In theory, it is always open to the Parliament to condemn a treaty entered into by the Executive where the treaty will have to affect whatever. Moreover, if any treaty or agreement violates any of the provisions of the Cons titution, it would be totally incompetent and ineffective and even the Vienna Convention would not

TRANSAMERICA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

TRANSAMERICA - Research Paper Example On the other hand, business ethics refers to the set of actions that are increasing control over the potential conflicts like corporate governance, corruption, insider trading and employee discrimination. In the current study, Transamerica Life Insurance Company is selected to outline the various aspects of CSR and ethics (Doyle, 2011). Transamerica Corporation is having a prolonged history of controlling different life insurance and investment firms. The American company is having different entities in around the world. Amadeo Giannini established the organization in the year 1904 with the help of the ‘Bank of Italy’ and used the name of ‘San Francisco saloon’. Actually, his aim was to provide financial services more easily so that maximum number of people can use products. He started to provide financial support to different person from the year 1906. Giannini started with a temporary bank in the San Francisco docks area, which provides industrial, contractual loans very easily (Transamerica.com, 2015c). In the year 1928, new strategy adopted by Giannini as his organization merged with ‘Bank of America’. In the year 1930, the â€Å"Transamerica Corporation acquired the Occidental Life Insurance Company† (Transamerica.com, 2015b). Moreover, in the year 1956, management of the firm separated the banking and life insurance businesses segment as the Transamerica. San Francisco skyline was launched after Transamerica was launched (Transamerica.com, 2015b). During the two decades 1960 to 1980, the organization has faced huge challenge. Transamerica gained higher interests among the global financial market with the help of inventiveness and acquisition. They started providing various life insurance and financial services to the normal and institutional clients. Their major clients are like â€Å"motion picture distributor United Artists, Trans International Airlines and Budget Rent A Car† (Transamerica.com, 2015a). During the year 1980,

Biological Significance of BST2 Overexpression in OSCC

Biological Significance of BST2 Overexpression in OSCC Overexpression of BST2 is associated with nodal metastasis and poorer prognosis in oral cavity cancer ABSTRACT Objective: Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was one of the proteins which were found related to tumor metastasis in our previous proteomic study. Now we want to examine its clinical role on the oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Study Design: Individual retrospective cohort study and basic research. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to demonstrate the expression levels of BST2 on 159 OSCC tumors. RNA interference was utilized for cell migration and proliferation study in vitro. Results: BST2 expression was significantly higher in OSCC cells of metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumor cells, compared to adjacent normal epithelia. Higher BST2 expression was associated with positive N stage, advanced overall stage, perineural invasion, and tumor depth (P = 0.049, 0.015, 0.021, and 0.010, respectively). OSCC patients with higher BST2 expression had poorer prognosis for disease-specific and disease-free survival (P = 0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analyses also demonstrated that higher BST2 expression is an independent prognostic factor of disease-specific and disease-free survival (P = 0.047 and 0.013, respectively). In-vitro suppression of BST2 expression in OEC-M1 cells showed that BST2 contributes to tumor migration of OSCC cells. Conclusions: The findings in this study indicate that BST2 expression in OSCC tumors is an independent prognostic factor of patient survival and associated with tumor metastasis. Keywords: oral cancer; head and neck; BST2; metastasis; OSCC; tumor marker; squamous cell carcinoma. Level of evidence: NA Introduction Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head-and-neck cancer worldwide and remains a difficult malignancy to treat because of approximate 50% mortality rates in spite of recent advances in the contemporary management over the past three decades.1-4 Cervical lymph node dissemination has been long regarded as one of the major poor prognosticators in patient with OSCC and is a major obstacle to OSCC management. 5-8 Previously, some transcriptomic studies analyzing OSCC tumors have established the expression signatures of OSCC metastasis.9-13 On the other hand, our group also used a proteomic approach by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to identify proteins that are differentially expressed between laser capture microdissected primary and metastatic OSCC tumors and some potential markers of OSCC metastasis were therefore discovered.14 From the candidate proteins derived from by this approach, bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was identifi ed as one of the potential molecules associated with OSCC metastasis and need further validation in the clinical scenario.14 The BST2 gene is located on chromosome 19p13.2 and codes for a 35kDa transmembrane glycoprotein consisting 180 amino acids. It is also known as the HM1.24 antigen, CD317, and tetherin.15,16 BST2 has been found to be expressed on mature B cells but not on other normal tissues of health individuals.15 The BST2 overexpression has been identified in several cancer types such as multiple myeloma, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme.17-23 Moreover, BST2 was discovered associated with the tumor progression and metastasis by previous findings from the pancreatic endocrine tumors with liver metastases and the breast cancers with bone metastasis.24,25 In vitro, overexpression of BST2 increased invasion, migration, cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion in breast cancer cells.26,27 Thus, based on the findings of these previous studies and our proteomic discovery, we also hypothesized that BST2 is overexpressed in OSCC and plays a specific role in tumor cell modulat ion. Accordingly, our study is designed to investigate the expression and the role of BST2 in the OSCC tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to demonstrate the expression levels of BST2 on OSCC tumors. We also employed RNAi techniques to suppress the BST2 expression to investigate the effects of BST2 modulation on the OSCC cell line in vitro. Materials and Methods Patient Characteristics and Clinical Specimens One houndred and thirty-eight male and 21 female were diagnosed as OSCC patients at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Tao-Yuan, Taiwan) between 2002 and 2007 and enrolled in this study. Patient age at diagnosis ranged from 22.0 to 84.0 years (mean, 51.9 ±12.3). The associated subsites of the oral cavity were buccal mucosa (62 patients), gum (21), hard palate (5), lip (5), floor of the mouth (5), and tongue (61). Patients with at least one of the following conditions were considered ineligible: unresectable or inoperable cancer, other primary cancer (synchronous or metachronous), recurrent cancer, distant metastasis, prior history of malignancy, treatment with neoadjuvant therapy, medical contraindication for surgery, or individuals lost to follow-up. Lesions diagnosed as carcinoma in situ, verrucous carcinoma or a histologically basaloid subtype were also not included in the study. All patients provided informed consent prior to study participation, and the study was approved by th e Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients underwent standard preoperative work-ups according to institutional guidelines, including detailed medical history, complete physical examination, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans of the head and neck, chest radiographs, bone scan, and abdominal ultrasound. Primary tumors were excised with adequate margins under intraoperative frozen section control. Surgical defects were immediately reconstructed via free flap or local flap by plastic surgeons, if necessary. Following surgical treatment, pathological TNM classification of all tumors was established according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (2007). After discharge, all patients had regular follow-up visits every 2 months for the first year, every 3 months for the second year, and every 6 months thereafter.28-30 RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Detection of BST2 According to the manufacturer’s protocol, total RNA of sixty paired OSCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues was extracted and purification by using RNAzol B reagent (Tel-Test, Friendwood, TX) and an RNeasy cleanup kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). 5ug of total RNA was used for first-strand cDNA synthesis and then adding to a reaction mixture comprising of commercially purchasable primers (BST2 Hs00171632_m1 and normalization control B2M, Hs00984230_m1 and ACTB, Hs99999903_m1 ; Assay-on-Demand, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix, and RNase-free water. 7900 HT Sequence Detection System was used for performing quantitative real-time RT-PCR and the result was analyzed with SDS version 2 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). All experiments were repeated in duplicate, and the mean fold-change of each sample was calculated. Western blot analysis Proteins were extracted from culture cells with RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.0150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.2 % Na-deoxylate, 1x protease cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and the concentrations determined using the BCA protein assay kit (Perice Biotechnology) Samples were separated on 12% SDS gels, transferred to PVDF membranes (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Buckinghamshire, UK), and probed using rabbit monoclonal anti-BST2 antibody (Epitomics, Burlingame, CA), mouse monoclonal beta-actin antibody (MAB1501, Chemicon, Billerica, MA), and mouse monoclonal GAPDH antibody (Novus, Littleton, CO). The beta-actin and GAPDH signals were used as the loading controls. Densitometer quantitation was also measured to demonstrate the relative fold differences of prtein levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurement ELISA kit for human BST2 (CUSABIO, Hubei, China) was used for determining the BST2 levels in the tested samples. Human recombinant BST2 was used as the standard. Briefly, 100 ÃŽ ¼l of samples or standard were added to a murine monoclonal antibody against BST2 coated microtiter plates and incubated for 2 h at room temperature. After the plates were washing with wash butter for three times, a biotin-conjugated polyclonal antibody was added and further incubated for 1 h at room temperature. The plates were washed three times again and 100 ÃŽ ¼l of horseradish peroxidase-avidin was added at room temperature for 1 h. After the plates were washed five times and 90 ÃŽ ¼l of tetramethylbenzidine was added to each well. The reaction was terminated by adding of 2 N sulfuric acid, and the optical density of each well was measured by a microplate reader set to 450 nm. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Immunohistochemical Staining For immunohistochemistry, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were cut into 4 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m sections, deparaffinized, rehydrated, and prepared for antigen retrieval. Slides of consecutive sections were incubated with the appropriate antibodies: rabbit monoclonal anti-BST2 antibody (diluted 1:30, Epitomics, Burlingame, CA) at room temperature for 1 hour. After incubation, slides were washed three times with phosphate buffered saline, incubated with horseradish peroxidase polymer antibody (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) at room temperature for 10 min, and developed by the addition of 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) reagent (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) as the chromogen and hematoxylin as the counterstain. A ScanScope CT automated slide-scanning system (Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA) was used for obtaining images of stained slides. Expression of BST2 was scored using a combined scoring method accounting for both percentage of stained cell s and staining intensity and.31-33 Strong to negative staining intensities were scored from 3 to 0. For each intensity score, cells staining at that specific level were visually estimated and calculated as a percentage. The resultant combined score was calculated as the sum of the intensity scores multiplied by the percentage of stained cells. All specimens were evaluated independently by our pathologists (Liang Y and Hseuh C) who had blinded to clinical origin of the specimen. Knockdown of BST2 Using RNA Interference (RNAi) SMARTpool small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Dharmacon, Lafayette, CO) .RNAi specifically targeting human BST2 (No. L-011817-00-0005, Dharmacon) and a scrambled control RNAi (No. D-001810-10-05, Dharmacon) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL). RNAi (at a final concentration 400 nM) was mixed with Lipofectamine RNAiMAXTM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and Opti-MEM medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) without serum, incubated for 20 min at room temperature, and then added to OEC-M1 cells that were seeded at a density of 1 Ãâ€" 105 cells per well in six-well plates. After incubation for 6 h at 37 °C, transfer fresh culture medium (RPMI medium containing 10% FBS) was added to each well. After transfection for 48 h, cells were harvested for analysis of cell migration, and invasive capacity. Cell Proliferation Assay Cell proliferation ability was determined using the methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) assay (Bionovas Biotechnology, Toronto, Canada). After transfection for 24 h, cells were seeded at a density of 5 x103cells/well in RPMI medium containing 10% FBS. At the end of another 48-hour incubation period, the medium was exchanged with MTT solution at a final concentration of 1 mg/mL, and cells placed in a culture incubator at 37oC for 1 h. After washing twice with PBS, cells were solubilized with 0.1 ml of DMSO at 37oC for 1 h. The converted dye was measured at 540 nm. Three independent experiments were performed in quadruplicate. The average value of the control experiment was taken as 100% proliferation, and used to calculate the percentage of cell proliferation for each treatment. Cell Migration Assay Cell migration was evaluated using a chemotaxis chamber (Corning, Lowell, MA) with a polycarbonate membrane (8-ÃŽ ¼m pore size) placed between the two chambers. Transfected OEC-M1 cells (1 Ãâ€" 105) in 200 ÃŽ ¼l of serum free culture medium were applied to the upper chamber and 600 ÃŽ ¼l of RPMI medium containing 10% FBS medium was added to the lower chamber. Chambers were incubated at 37 °C for 16 h, and then the membrane was fixed with methanol for 10 min and then stained with GIEMSA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Cotton swab was used for removing the cells on the upper surface of the filter, and the cells which migrated through the membrane were counted in eight different visual fields under a light microscope (magnification: 200x). Each migration assay was performed in triplicate during three independent experiments. Statistical Analysis All statistical data display as means  ± SD. The significance was examined by Wilcoxon test. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was employed for comparison of the relative signal intensity of quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining scores between paired tumor and pericancerous normal mucosa samples. All patients had regular follow-up evaluations at our department until Apr 2012 or death. Survival analysis was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences evaluated using the log-rank test. The specific risk factors for disease-specific survival were analyzed with multivariate regression. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.1; SAS institute, Cary, NC). All P values were two-sided, and statistical significance accepted at P Results Overexpression of BST2 in tumor cells of OSCC tissues. Expression of BST2 was examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in 60 paired OSCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Transcripts for BST2 were significantly elevated in OSCC tumor specimens as compared with adjacent normal tissue (155  ± 205 vs. 38  ± 53, P PP= 0.533; Fig. 1B), indicating that BST2 is more highly expressed in tumor cells of metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumor cells and almost absent in normal oral epithelia. Association of BST2 expression with various clinicopathological manifestations Next, we evaluated the relationships between increased BST2 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients (Table 1). Higher BST2 expression was significantly associated with higher pN status, advanced overall stage, positive perineural invasion, and greater tumor depth (P=0.049, 0.015, 0.021, and 0.010, respectively; Table 1). However, we observed no association between BST2 overexpression in OSCC tumors and patient age, sex, T stage, differentiation or bone invasion. Consistent with our hypothesis, BST2 overexpression was significantly (P=0.049) associated with nodal metastasis (pN status). Association of BST2 expression with overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) Based on expression data obtained from IHC, patients were stratified into two groups (high vs. low expression using 160 out of 300 as the cut-off value), and the possible association of BST2 expression with patient OS evaluated. Survival analysis revealed that the five-year OS rates for patients stratified into high and low BST2 expression subgroups were 66.8% and 51.2%, respectively. These differences in OS were not significant, compared in the log-rank test (P=0.059; Figure 2A). However, the Kaplan-Meier plots evaluated 5-year DSS rates for patients stratified by high and low BST2 expression as 74.0% and 53.7%, respectively. These differences in DSS were statistically significant, as observed with the log-rank test (P= 0.009; Figure 2B). Moreover, five-year DFS rates for patients stratified based on high or low BST2 expression were also significantly different in the log-rank test (75.9% and 51.2%, respectively; P= 0.001) (Figure 2C). BST2 expression was additionally a significant predictor of DFS and DSS in univariate analysis with the Cox proportional regression model. To further ascertain whether BST2 expression can be applied as an independent predictor of patient survival, multivariate analysis was performed using age, gender, pT status, pN status, overall stage, perineural invasion, tumor differentiation and BST2 expression as parameters in the Cox proportional regression model. Our results indicated that pT status, pN status and BST2 expression are independent predictors of DSS (P= 0.017, 0.002, and 0.047, respectively; Table 2). Similarly, we also found that pT status, pN status and BST2 expression are independent predictors of DFS (P= 0.014, BST2 Promotes OSCC Cell Migration In Vitro To evaluate the biological significance of BST2 overexpression in OSCC using an in vitro system, endogenous expression of BST2 in OSCC cells was knocked down using gene specific RNAi. The effects of RNAi were determined by the ELISA method in the supernatants of OEC-M1 cells transfected with either BST2-specific RNAi (si-BST2) or a scrambled sequence control RNAi. As shown in Supplementary Figure 2A, the levels of endogenous BST2 was significantly reduced (P=0.003; Supplementary Figure 2A) in si-BST2–transfected cells as compared with cells transfected with the control RNAi. Control and si-BST2–transfected cells were further analyzed for cell proliferation and migration. As shown in Supplementary Figure 2B, the cell proliferation ability in OEC-M1 cells was not significantly decreased in the si-BST2–transfected cells compared to the control RNAi transfected cells (P =0.435; Supplementary Fig 2B). However, the capability of OEC-M1 cell migration attenuated by addi tion of si-BST2 (70.2% reduction, P = 0.001; Supplementary Figure 2C). Collectively, these findings indicated that overexpression of BST2 in vitro can mediate cell migration in OSCC cells.

Why are people unequal in Society :: essays research papers

Why are People Unequal in Society?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Philosopher’s of the time of enlightenment the nature of society created inequality. These philosophers also believed that it was the job of the government to limit inequality and try to create conformity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now we are able to see that inequality emerges with each and every interaction. This is because every individual possesses qualities which may be better or worse than another’s. These qualities include things such as intelligence, athletic ability, and beauty. However, this has become a problem that we ourselves created. We choose to compare ourselves to others. Sociologists have examined two aspects of this problem. One of these aspects is the simplicity of how inequality arises in the first place. The second aspect is how it is perpetuated over time. Social structure is a social pattern that involves unequal ranks. Once these ranks are discovered inequality will always exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main elements of inequality is the division of labor. There are three different settings for Division of Labor. The first setting is the economic setting. In this setting inequality occurs because of different jobs, money, positions of power, and dependence on others. This also creates inequality because an employer controls an employee. Once control is established there are automatically ranks. The boss may take advantage of his employee, and gain at this employee’s expense. Once this process has started it will never stop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second setting for division of labor is the organizational division of labor. This division includes such things as family, friends, groups, schools, politics, and churches. Within these groups there is a sense of the follower and the leader. These leadership positions allow there to be an advantage over others. This also shows that all organizations have few in power and many that must follow them in order to succeed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third setting for the Division of Labor is the intentional division. This includes things such as war. In war there are always winners and losers. The winners of course end up ruling the losers. This provides a division of labor in which the outcome was somewhat intentional. This inequality is created by those who crave organization and structure. If these people do not agree with another country’s way of rule, they will defeat them and in turn bring in their own statutes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social conflict is another way of creating inequality within a society.

Black Pillow by Frank Moore

Black Pillow 2002 by Frank Moore is set on a cornfield during daylight. In the background of the canvas there is a large factory with some plants and butterflies. The edge of this artwork has a yellow border and parts of this canvas are also lightly filled with the color yellow as well. On the left side of the canvas, there is a farmer in overalls that does not seem like he cares about what he is doing, pumping gas into the roots of the cornfield as he glowers into space.One the bottom of the canvas you can find the gasoline spilling all over the pillow of the cornfield, the white roots from the corn stand out from the black color of the gasoline. The art elements shown in â€Å"Black Pillow† are that it has a very warm feel to it since warm colors are used; it almost makes you feel like you are there outside in the hot field and gasoline. It is loosely spaced out since there is no color in the background that fills it up a lot except for some yellow lines and spots. It defini tely has bold colors to it and has no greyscale in it.The yellow has a significant contrast from the background and the black as well. The line of the corn leaves looks very alive and natural while the roots in the gasoline are stiff, rough and dead looking. This canvas shows how humans and industrialization are harming the corn crops by the gasoline, since gasoline consists of ten percent ethanol which comes from cornfields. The color yellow in the border of this artwork symbolizes rotting, heat, decay and death. Which fits in well with this theme since the careless farmer is pumping gas all over the roots of the cornfield.The gasoline which represents the color black means the coldness, negativity and evil that is pouring and taking over the corn which the color yellow can also symbolize joy, happiness, and optimism. The white root of the corn symbolizes how the innocence is being besieged by the gasoline’s coldness and evil. The gasoline in the pillow of the soil is where it gets its name â€Å"Black Pillow†. Personally, I believe Frank Moore got his message across in this artwork. He is portraying the decay of cornfields because of the increase in oil industry.The color symbolism is prevalent because the oil is the evil that is invading the cornfields for the benefit of more resources. It shows the evolution of where the oil comes from and how it is not used properly and is wasted on an everyday basis which causes pollution. Frank Moore’s point for this artwork is to show how ignoble humans are today and how bestial we are to our world enervating its natural beauty for our own selfish purposes. This topic is very imperative to our society today since gasoline is in high demands and our world’s pollution is getting worse by each day.

Amber Mileski Essays (959 words) - Family, Parenting, Free Essays

Amber Mileski Essays (959 words) - Family, Parenting, Free Essays Amber Mileski English 11 Textual Analysis February 28, 2017 Single Parenting and Dual Parenting Is single parenting better for children or is living in a home with both parents better for a child? Single parenting affects children in many ways, sometimes it doesn't affect them at all. Single parenting is more common now than rather back in the day. More parents are ending up alone because they are choosing to be. There isn't a very high percentage of single parent families but each year the percentage of single parent families rises. There are many children that live in a single parent home. Just because a child lives with one parent doesn't mean they are going to have issues. Living in a single parent home does make it harder for a child. Living in a single parent home does have many effects on a child. A child can suffer psychological and development problems. They are more likely to drop out of school and their chance of doing drugs and consuming alcohol is higher. Kids raised by one parent are less likely to be labeled or disgraced. So, to say if single parenting affects any peculiar child, it all depends. John Kelly states "A single parent with adequate resources may provide a stable home." I might say that this means that a parent with many resources as in extra help at home or help or abundant resources outside of the home, provide the single parent with more access of being able to be there for their child. One of the main themes in this article is the psychological effects of a child being in a single parent home. The theme of psychological effects of having a single parent is when a study took place in Sweden, looking at nearly a million health records of young people. It was explained that kids from single parent family had twice the incidence of psychological illness, wanting to attempt suicide, and they abuse alcohol. An example I'm going to use for the rest of this paragraph is about myself. I was raised in a single parent home, my grandmother raised me. My grandma worked her butt off, I went from sitter to sitter and saw my grandma at the end of the day. It really didn't influence me until I went to a friend's house and they had both their mom and dad. It was emotional but as I get older I believe it has more of a psychological effect on me now than it did when I was a child. Another major point on psychological effects of having a single parent is divorce. The theme of divorce is worry, hurt, fear, anger, revenge, guilt, and shame. Divorce is a very common reason parents end up single. Many children get exposed or drawn into the conflict that happens to parents before, during, and after parents split. Some parents are very selfish and try to pressure children to choose sides, which may leave them feeling guilty about having to pick a side. Children thrive on strength, security, and safety. For instance, single parents are more likely to move on or experience other disruptions that can affect a child. Uncertainty and emotional stress can increase the chances of a child having a psychological problem. A single parent can help prevent this by talking and listening to the child, protect the child from conflicts that happen between the parents, pay attention to the child and always try to stay positive. Development risks are higher with single parent families. The text concludes that single parents face issues when it comes to the child's progress in school compared to children that have both parents. An example I would like to use is myself again. I didn't face any issues in school, I knew my grandma was doing the best she could possibly do and if I needed help she found a way to help me. When I did good in school it relieved pressure off my grandma, and I knew that. So, that is what I did because I was aware of the affect it had on all of us. I can't say that all kids are like this because every single

Beginnings essays

Beginnings essays Psychiatrists say that a child's values are pretty much locked in by the age of ten. I grew up a child of suburban Chicago in the mid 1980s. I had a nice, cold, and snowy day for my birthday since I was born on December 30, 1985 and December is the peak of winter. My values and beliefs will be very different from someone that grew up in Coldwater, Michigan. Different religions also affect this lot since my Hindu beliefs and ideals would be entirely different from a Christians beliefs and ideals even if we grew up in the same neighborhood. Family plays a large part in my life, but it has not usually had a good impact upon it. Throughout my existence, the greed of other family members has plagued me with money problems. It would appear that, to them, having material possessions more important than assuring my well-being. My mother's parents kicked her out of the family. When my mom married my dad, my grandparents refused to speak to them; as did all the others from her family because she ran away and got married. When I was born, the families were back together in a sense. My dad worked for Drisilker, one of the worlds foremost electric motor repair facilities in the world. They received motors from all over the US, Switzerland, and Germany. My mom worked at the Taco Bell down the street as the shift manager. At the time, my dads 2 younger brothers were living with us also. They worked at various fast food restaurants. Neither of them was very responsible so they could not hold employment very long. I was born IBM PC-DOS 3.2 was released. That may later work into my fixation with computers. This new DOS system also helped push IBM further ahead into the computer market helping them to set the pace for the competition. That might help to explain my attachment to computers now. On the day I was born, President Zia of Pakistan ended martial law, and restored their constitution. When I see this ...

Managing Communication, Knowledge and Information Essay

Managing Communication, Knowledge and Information - Essay Example Recommendations are also suggested for some of the changes needed for the information to be managed properly within Tesco Company. 1.0 Introduction The Management official of Tesco Company understands the importance of decision- making in the operation of every aspect of the business. The company has a complex form of management due to its large size and the number of stores it operates which have reached up to 6 351 in numbers. The company also manages approximately 472 000 employees (Fernie 2005, p.36). This kind of work force has to be managed well if the company needs to maintain its growth and profitability. 2.0 Decision Making Process Decision making processes in the organization is as complex as is the Multinational Company itself. They rely on good information experience and consultation in making these decisions. The managers here are highly qualified and experienced. Decision making within the company happens at all level of the organization. The Board of directors are the grand strategic decisions maker about the investments and the future growth direction. The various managers of the various stores under the company are also involved in making decisions that continually contribute to the overall company objectives (Richardson 2004, p.15). Lastly, the ordinary employees are involved in making of decisions concerning their respective tasks. ... 29). Source: http://tutor2u.net/business/organisation/decisionmaking.htm The company has a well-established mission and vision statements. The Management officials must first identify the objectives of every action to be made. The objectives outlines the goals that the department, store or even the entire company want to achieve once the identified actions are carried out. A supervisor in Tesco Supermarkets identifies the need to increase the number of cashiers during peak hours so to improve the quality of customer service as well as reduce inconveniences and thus creating an overall good image of the company (Richardson 2004, p. 31). Once the objectives are identified, the decision maker is required to collect as much information as possible regarding the identified problem. This determines the cause of the problem and identifies various alternatives that can solve the same problem. The managers ensure that they gather all the information about the situation. This helps them to be aware of all the aspects of the issue. The managers of various stores carry out the studies to establish approximate numbers of customers that are shopping at various times of the day. They also identify the number of adequate cashiers that should serve customers at various times of the day. The analysis of information gathered identifies various alternatives available to the managers to make their decision. It also tries to find the viability of such information to eliminate chances of making an error. Once the manager is clear about all issues, they usually choose the most viable course of action to solve the identified problem. This decision is made after evaluating all the

The learning and teaching of mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The learning and teaching of mathematics - Essay Example The paper tells that decimal notation is a crisis experienced by children in mathematics. The researcher has faced instances where some children are unable to distinguish between small and large values when presented with decimal points. When the subject of decimals is first introduced to primary school children, there is a general belief that when the number is long, the value is high. This means that there is an existing problem in the ability to differentiate the values of digits with decimal points. For example, when the researcher ask children to assign the number with the highest values between 5.555, 5.55 and 5.5, 5.555 is given as the answer. The reasons children give are arguably connected to the way they view whole numbers and denote decimal points. This trend can be explained by a number of misconceptions in decimal notation. There is a general belief that numbers with more digits represent high values than those with small values. 5.555 is believed to have a large value t han 5.5 because 5.555 has four digits that make the number look bigger, and 5.5 has two digits that make the number look smaller. While this explanation may be true in some cases, several combination of numbers may not adhere to the misconception. For example, in differentiating between 0.12, 0.111 and 0.1012, children pick 0.1012 as the number with the greatest value because 0.12 has three digits, 0.111 has four and 0.1012 has five, hence, the more the number of the digits, the higher the value of the number. In reality, 0.12 has a higher value compared to 0.1012.

Music players Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Music players - Essay Example The very first iPod was introduced to the market as a player with a 5GB storage capacity capable of storing one thousand songs. This product got feedback from consumers, though a number of them complained of an exorbitant price of $400. Because the first versions of iPod proved fruitful in penetrating the music player industry, another hardware upgrade came in 2003, catapulting iPod into the third generation. This advanced hardware upgrade did not have mechanical dials. The function buttons were placed under the screen and resembled a scroll wheel. Their storage was enhanced from the previous 10GB to 40 GB. On order to remain competitive in the music player industry, apple introduced iPod mini in 2004. Unlike the original iPod, this version had five different colors: green, gold, silver, pink and blue. The iPod mini had smaller screens and enhanced storage than any other music player then. In February 2005, a new version of iPod was introduced with an improved chipset, longer battery life and even more enhanced storage capacity. The collaboration between Apple and HP in 2004 helped Apple to explore new markets that previously never stocked Apple’s products. In 2005, Apple introduced the iPod photo. This was similar to the iPod but was capable of browsing photo albums and had improved battery life. This made it a hit among the music player enthusiasts, with most music players in the same price range providing half its storage capacity. This made Apple’s profits to quadruple in 2005 as a result of sales of iPod. The iPod was followed by the introduction of the Nano. This version was made available in two variants, the 2GB and 4GB music players. The Nano made used of an improved scroll wheel from apple and was significantly smaller. Not long after the launch of the Nano, Apple released the fifth generation of its music players. These had the ability of playing both video and audio music files, and its launch was instrumental in the creation of the iTunes