Brilliant Classification Essay Topics Questions

If you’re a student, your instructor will require you to write a classification essay at some point. You may get stuck in the process as you lack the necessary skills or knowledge on how to do it. You don’t have to worry since we will offer you a guide you can use to come up with the best classification essay papers. Making It Simple: How to Select the Best Classification Essay Topic? Choosing the essay topic may not be easy, but it’s essential. There are hints you can use in the process to make your classification essay assignment enjoyable and comfortable. When choosing an essay topic, make sure you have a lasting interest for that topic, and enjoy it. Always ensure your write-up category is from a particular angle. Proper essay categorization makes writing easy and enjoyable. You may have realized that some essay topics have a lot of information than others when you are choosing an essay topic. A broad topic that has a lot of information makes writing messy and tiring. You can avoid getting confused by concentrating on a narrow scope and narrowing down your thoughts. After choosing an essay topic and making a write-up, you could reread your essay to ensure there are no mixed up ideas and information. Make sure there is a smooth flow of ideas throughout the essay. When selecting the perfect classification topic, you should keenly brainstorm your ideas. When you understand the concepts in your essay, you will be able to put them into their relevant categories. In a case where there are many ideas, you should ensure to categorize them into a maximum of 5 key points. A Comprehensive List of Classification Essay Topics There are various compelling essay topics you could choose from based on the ideas your passion and interest. Classification essays are written in various disciplines/spheres and deal with multiple subjects. The following are some of the examples you may use. Classification topics on business are always amazing subjects to look at since they generally cover controversial problems that may need attention. These topics include: Business decision strategies Forms of leadership Varieties of legal entities New businesses funding options Types of managerial skills required Forms of job applicant assessment tests Different ways of saving money Types of leaders: the good and the bad Different types of international conferences and forums Communication strategies used to resolve conflicts in firms. You could take a more entertaining side and choose topics on the subjects of entertainment and art. They will help you bring out the fun side of you. Take on a more humorous topic or have fun with your essay. These may include: Different ballroom dance styles Types of opera Forms of Latin dancing styles The different types of video games Music periods in history Types of movie endings Different forms of crafts Art movements and styles Halloween costume ideas Different types of artist careers Essay topics on a social matter. Social matters concern human interactions, and topics in this category include: Social groups today Important social values Ways of closing cultural gaps Essay topics classification on politics. Politics is about governance, and it matters a lot. There are many essay topics you will come across in the category. For instance: Forms of political parties International organizations that different countries participate in Current monarchies we have around the world Public speakers that have moved the world Political campaigns Different forms of voting systems Strategies used in political debates Political activists: ways to make a change Motives behind political careers Political regimes that have experienced the most singular events Frequently Asked Classification Essay Questions Your essay ideas must answer specific questions. Most essay questions are asked based on the essay topics we have provided above. In order to fully exhaust and write up an outstanding classification essay based on a given topic, you need to; Make the structure of your essay plausible. The paragraphs should follow a general structure of an essay: introduction, essay body, and conclusion. The introduction is the opening point of an essay. In the presentation, you must define the subject of the theme. You are supposed to describe the primary purpose of your paper and include the thesis statement. After the introduction, write the body of the essay. The body should contain three to five paragraphs. Each paragraph should have a key point, and you should ensure harmony and smooth flow of ideas in this section. Lastly, you have the conclusion which is the summary of the ideas and your arguments brought out in the article. You could also restate the thesis statement. Running Low on Your List of Classification Essay Ideas? We Can Help We understand that you may have trouble putting together an essay even after finding a suitable topic. That is why we have a team of experts always ready to help you with your essay assignments. Our pool of professional writers is experienced and has top-rated skills. Why burden yourself with pilling assignments when our writers can handle them for you? Let us do your homework and relax as our writers craft you a brilliant essay. Contact us now!

Henry J. Raymond

Henry J. Raymond Henry J. Raymond, political activist and journalist, founded the New York Times in 1851 and served as its dominant editorial voice for nearly two decades. When Raymond launched the Times, New York City was already home to thriving newspapers edited by prominent editors such as Horace Greeley and James Gordon Bennett. But the 31-year-old Raymond believed he could provide the public with something new, a newspaper devoted to honest and reliable coverage without overt political crusading. Despite Raymonds deliberately moderate stance as a journalist, he was always quite active in politics. He was prominent in Whig Party affairs until the mid-1850s, when he became an early supporter of the new anti-slavery Republican Party. Raymond and the New York Times helped bring Abraham Lincoln to national prominence after his February 1860 speech at Cooper Union, and the newspaper supported Lincoln and the Union cause throughout the Civil War. Following the Civil War, Raymond, who had been the chairman of the National Republican Party, served in the House of Representatives. He was involved in a number of controversies over Reconstruction policy and his time in Congress was extremely difficult. Habitually afflicted by overwork, Raymond died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age  of 49. His legacy was the creation of the New York Times and what amounted to a new style of journalism focused on the honest presentation of both sides of critical issues. Early Life Henry Jarvis Raymond was born in Lima, New York, on January 24, 1820. His family owned a prosperous farm and young Henry received a good childhood education. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1840, though not after becoming dangerously ill from overwork.   While in college he began to contribute  essays to a magazine edited by Horace Greeley. And after college he secured a job working for Greeley at his new newspaper, the New York Tribune. Raymond took to city journalism, and became indoctrinated with the idea that newspapers should perform a social service. Raymond befriended a young man in the Tribunes business office, George Jones, and the two began to think about forming their own newspaper. The idea was put on hold while Jones went to work for a bank in Albany, New York,  and Raymonds career took him to other newspapers and deepening involvement with Whig Party politics. In 1849, while working for a New York City newspaper, the Courier and Examiner, Raymond  was elected to the New York State legislature. He  was soon elected speaker of the assembly, but was determined to launch his own newspaper. In early 1851 Raymond was conversing with his friend George Jones in Albany, and they finally decided to start  their own newspaper. Founding of the New York Times With some investors from Albany and New York City, Jones and Raymond set about finding an office, purchasing a new Hoe printing press, and recruiting staff. And on September 18, 1851 the first edition appeared. On page two of the first issue Raymond issued a lengthy statement of purpose under the headline A Word About Ourselves. He explained that the paper was priced at one cent so as to obtain a large circulation and corresponding influence. He also took issue with speculation and gossip about the new paper which had circulated throughout the summer of 1851. He mentioned that the Times was rumored to be supporting several different, and contradictory, candidates. Raymond spoke eloquently about how the new paper would address issues, and he seemed to be making reference to the two dominant temperamental editors of the day, Greeley of the New York Tribune and Bennett of the New York Herald: We do not mean to write as if we were in a passion, unless that shall really be the case; and we shall make it a point to get into a passion as rarely as possible. There are very few things in this world which it is worthwhile to get angry about; and they are just the things that anger will not improve. In controversies with other journals, with individuals, or with parties, we shall engage only when, in our opinion, some important public interest can be promoted thereby; and even then, we shall endeavor to rely more upon fair argument than upon misrepresentation or abusive language. The new newspaper was successful, but its first years were difficult. Its hard to imagine the New York Tijmes as the scrappy upstart, but thats what it was as compared to Greeleys Tribune or Bennetts Herald. An incident from the early years of the Times demonstrates the competition among New York City newspapers at the time. When the steamship Arctic sank in September 1854, James Gordon Bennett arranged to have an interview with a survivor. Editors at the Times thought it unfair that Bennett and the Herald would have an exclusive interview, as the newspapers tended to cooperate in such matters. So the Times managed to get the earliest copies of the Heralds interview and set it in type and rushed their version out to the street first. By 1854 standards, the New York Times had essentially hacked the more established Herald. The antagonism between Bennett and Raymond percolated for years. In a move that would surprise those familiar with the modern New York Times, the newspaper published a mean-spirited ethnic caricature of Bennett in December 1861. The front-page cartoon depicted Bennett, who had been born in Scotland, as a devil playing a bagpipe. Talented Journalist Though Raymond was only 31 when he began editing the New York Times, he was already an accomplished journalist known for solid reporting skills and an astounding ability to not only write well but write very fast. Many stories were told about Raymonds ability to write quickly in longhand, immediately handing the pages to compositors who would set his words into type. A famous example was when the politician and great orator Daniel Webster died in October 1852. On October 25, 1852, the New York Times published a lengthy biography of Webster running to 26 columns. A  friend and colleague of Raymonds later recalled that Raymond had written 16 columns of it himself. He essentially wrote three complete pages of a daily newspaper in a few hours, between the time the news arrived by telegraph and the time the type had to go to press. Besides being an inordinately talented writer, Raymond loved the competition of city journalism. He guided the Times when they battled to be first on stories, such as when the steamship Arctic sank in September 1854 and all the papers were scrambling to get the news. Support for Lincoln In the early 1850s Raymond, like many others, gravitated to the new Republican Party as the Whig Party essentially dissolved. And when Abraham Lincoln began to rise to prominence in Republican circles, Raymond recognized him as having presidential potential. At the 1860 Republican convention, Raymond supported the candidacy of fellow New Yorker William Seward. But once Lincoln was nominated Raymond, and the New York Times, supported him. In 1864 Raymond was very active at the Republican National Convention at which Lincoln was renominated and Andrew Johnson added to the ticket. During that summer Raymond wrote to Lincoln expressing his fear that Lincoln would lose in November. But with military victories in the fall, Lincoln won a second term. Lincolns second term, of course, only lasted six weeks. Raymond, who had been elected to Congress, found himself generally at odds with the more radical members of his own party, including Thaddeus Stevens. Raymonds time in Congress was generally disastrous. It was often observed that his success in journalism did not extend to politics, and he would have been better off to stay out of politics entirely. The Republican Party did not renominate Raymond to run for Congress in 1868. And by that time he was exhausted from the constant internal warfare in the party.   On the morning of Friday, June 18, 1869, Raymond died, of an apparent cerebral hemorrhage, at his home in Greenwich Village.  The next days New York Times was published with thick black mourning borders between the columns on page one. The newspapers story announcing his death began: It is our sad duty to announce the death of Mr. Henry J. Raymond, the founder and editor of the Times, who died suddenly at his residence yesterday morning of an attack of apoplexy. The intelligence of this painful event, which has robbed American journalism of one of its more eminent supporters, and deprived the nation of a patriotic statesman, whose wise and moderate counsels can ill be spared at the present juncture of affairs, will be received with deep sorrow throughout the country, not alone by those who enjoyed his personal friendship, and shared his political convictions, but by those also who knew him only as a journalist and public man. His death will be felt as a national loss. Legacy of Henry J. Raymond Following the death of Raymond, the New York Times endured. And the ideas advanced by Raymond, that newspapers should report both sides of an issue and show moderation, eventually became standard in American journalism. Raymond was often criticized for not being able to make up his mind about about an issue, unlike his competitors Greeley and Bennett. He addressed that quirk of his own personality directly: If those of my friends who call me a waverer  could only know how impossible it is for me to see but one aspect of a question, or to espouse but one side of a cause, they would pity rather than condemn me; and however much I may wish myself differently constituted, yet I cannot unmake the original structure of my mind. His death at such a young age came as a shock to New York City and especially its journalistic community. The following day the main competitors of the New York Times, Greeleys Tribune and Bennetts Herald, printed heartfelt  tributes to Raymond.

Financial Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Financial Investment - Research Paper Example Ratio analysis and share price analyses are 2 most important and commonly used tools to analyze the financial position of a particular stock. A proper fundamental and technical analysis generally provides a basic idea regarding these aspects and helps investors make informed investment decisions. Generally the intrinsic value of the stock is determined from the financial facts given the annual report of the company using free-cash flows and it is compared to the current market price of the stock. When the stock is found to be undervalued then it provides an opportunity for the investor to buy the stocks at lower current price and then sell it in future when stock prices approaches target price. This strategy will help the investor make profits by buying stocks at lower price and then selling it when stock prices appreciates and ceteris paribus. Options for Investment Decision While there are many options available to an investor for investment, it is important to note that not all in vestment destinations are equally safe for investment when risk of investment is considered. The safest investment destination is government securities because there are very limited chances that the government will default. Another most commonly preferred investment avenue is common stocks of publicly traded companies. Companies whose stocks are listed in stock exchanges (like NASDAQ, NYSE, etc.) may be traded in secondary markets. But whenever the investor considers investment in equity oriented securities and stocks the risk of investment significantly increases. This is because when the investor buys equity shares of any company the investor actually subscribes to paid-up equity capital of the owners of the company. This automatically makes the investor the new stocks holder and assumes that the investor will bear the risk associated with business. Purchasing equity shares provides the investor the opportunity to earn dividends and residual profits proportionate to respective su bscription or investment. Equity stocks are risky because the shareholders are entitled to earn from investment only after all liabilities of the business entity has been paid-off. This means that in case the business has no profits left for distribution to shareholders after honoring business liability then no dividends will be paid to shareholders. Thus, investment in company stocks is both risky and rewarding in the sense that higher the risk the higher would be the expected return. It is advised that before making any investment decisions for investment in particular stocks the financial managers must gather all necessary information related to business regarding financial position, outstanding financial liabilities and the ability of the business to honor such liabilities. Company Overview The company chosen for financial analysis is Apple Inc. (Ticker Symbol AAPL) which is a Fortune 500 company whose shares are publicly traded. Apple Inc. is a leading hardware and software com pany which has headquarters in Cupertino, California, U.S. The company has over 400 global retail stores spread in over 14 countries and it is listed in NASDAQ as a publicly traded company. Apple also forms a component of S&P 500 composite index and NASDAQ-100 component. The financials of the company is very strong and for the year ending 2012, the company reported a net profit of over UD$ 41

International Law, the Vienna convention on the law of treaties 1969 Essay

International Law, the Vienna convention on the law of treaties 1969 - Essay Example recognized as such by the British expert Lord McNair, who recalled the MOU as "an informal but nevertheless legal agreement" between two or more parties. The State Sovereignty has the attributes of entering into agreements and treaties with foreign powers. No state can protect itself from the rest of the countries of the world on matters of foreign affairs or relations, international trade, environmental issues, communications or finance. This was strongly implemented after World War II. The great advances made in the field of communications and information technology and the arrival of globalization has made independent States inter-dependent on each other. Treaties can have a significant impact upon the economy and social and political situation of the country and to its people. Nowadays every State has either entered or in the course of entering into treaties be it multilateral or bilateral. Treaties need to have a proper set of laws after a comprehensive study of a particular matter and its perverse effects it can have on food security, indigenous knowledge, health care, the security and the life and livelihood of the citizens – whether beneficial or prejudicial. The treaty-making power is highly potent and can also have some serious harmful effects if not revised carefully. The parliament of a country’s government is competent to make a law and so treaty-making power is not within the exclusive competence of the Executive. it is obvious that the Parliament is competent to make a law with respect to the several matters mentioned in the above entries. In other words, treaty-making is not within the exclusive competence of the Executive. In theory, it is always open to the Parliament to condemn a treaty entered into by the Executive where the treaty will have to affect whatever. Moreover, if any treaty or agreement violates any of the provisions of the Cons titution, it would be totally incompetent and ineffective and even the Vienna Convention would not

TRANSAMERICA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

TRANSAMERICA - Research Paper Example On the other hand, business ethics refers to the set of actions that are increasing control over the potential conflicts like corporate governance, corruption, insider trading and employee discrimination. In the current study, Transamerica Life Insurance Company is selected to outline the various aspects of CSR and ethics (Doyle, 2011). Transamerica Corporation is having a prolonged history of controlling different life insurance and investment firms. The American company is having different entities in around the world. Amadeo Giannini established the organization in the year 1904 with the help of the ‘Bank of Italy’ and used the name of ‘San Francisco saloon’. Actually, his aim was to provide financial services more easily so that maximum number of people can use products. He started to provide financial support to different person from the year 1906. Giannini started with a temporary bank in the San Francisco docks area, which provides industrial, contractual loans very easily (Transamerica.com, 2015c). In the year 1928, new strategy adopted by Giannini as his organization merged with ‘Bank of America’. In the year 1930, the â€Å"Transamerica Corporation acquired the Occidental Life Insurance Company† (Transamerica.com, 2015b). Moreover, in the year 1956, management of the firm separated the banking and life insurance businesses segment as the Transamerica. San Francisco skyline was launched after Transamerica was launched (Transamerica.com, 2015b). During the two decades 1960 to 1980, the organization has faced huge challenge. Transamerica gained higher interests among the global financial market with the help of inventiveness and acquisition. They started providing various life insurance and financial services to the normal and institutional clients. Their major clients are like â€Å"motion picture distributor United Artists, Trans International Airlines and Budget Rent A Car† (Transamerica.com, 2015a). During the year 1980,

Biological Significance of BST2 Overexpression in OSCC

Biological Significance of BST2 Overexpression in OSCC Overexpression of BST2 is associated with nodal metastasis and poorer prognosis in oral cavity cancer ABSTRACT Objective: Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was one of the proteins which were found related to tumor metastasis in our previous proteomic study. Now we want to examine its clinical role on the oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Study Design: Individual retrospective cohort study and basic research. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to demonstrate the expression levels of BST2 on 159 OSCC tumors. RNA interference was utilized for cell migration and proliferation study in vitro. Results: BST2 expression was significantly higher in OSCC cells of metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumor cells, compared to adjacent normal epithelia. Higher BST2 expression was associated with positive N stage, advanced overall stage, perineural invasion, and tumor depth (P = 0.049, 0.015, 0.021, and 0.010, respectively). OSCC patients with higher BST2 expression had poorer prognosis for disease-specific and disease-free survival (P = 0.009 and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analyses also demonstrated that higher BST2 expression is an independent prognostic factor of disease-specific and disease-free survival (P = 0.047 and 0.013, respectively). In-vitro suppression of BST2 expression in OEC-M1 cells showed that BST2 contributes to tumor migration of OSCC cells. Conclusions: The findings in this study indicate that BST2 expression in OSCC tumors is an independent prognostic factor of patient survival and associated with tumor metastasis. Keywords: oral cancer; head and neck; BST2; metastasis; OSCC; tumor marker; squamous cell carcinoma. Level of evidence: NA Introduction Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head-and-neck cancer worldwide and remains a difficult malignancy to treat because of approximate 50% mortality rates in spite of recent advances in the contemporary management over the past three decades.1-4 Cervical lymph node dissemination has been long regarded as one of the major poor prognosticators in patient with OSCC and is a major obstacle to OSCC management. 5-8 Previously, some transcriptomic studies analyzing OSCC tumors have established the expression signatures of OSCC metastasis.9-13 On the other hand, our group also used a proteomic approach by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to identify proteins that are differentially expressed between laser capture microdissected primary and metastatic OSCC tumors and some potential markers of OSCC metastasis were therefore discovered.14 From the candidate proteins derived from by this approach, bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was identifi ed as one of the potential molecules associated with OSCC metastasis and need further validation in the clinical scenario.14 The BST2 gene is located on chromosome 19p13.2 and codes for a 35kDa transmembrane glycoprotein consisting 180 amino acids. It is also known as the HM1.24 antigen, CD317, and tetherin.15,16 BST2 has been found to be expressed on mature B cells but not on other normal tissues of health individuals.15 The BST2 overexpression has been identified in several cancer types such as multiple myeloma, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme.17-23 Moreover, BST2 was discovered associated with the tumor progression and metastasis by previous findings from the pancreatic endocrine tumors with liver metastases and the breast cancers with bone metastasis.24,25 In vitro, overexpression of BST2 increased invasion, migration, cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion in breast cancer cells.26,27 Thus, based on the findings of these previous studies and our proteomic discovery, we also hypothesized that BST2 is overexpressed in OSCC and plays a specific role in tumor cell modulat ion. Accordingly, our study is designed to investigate the expression and the role of BST2 in the OSCC tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to demonstrate the expression levels of BST2 on OSCC tumors. We also employed RNAi techniques to suppress the BST2 expression to investigate the effects of BST2 modulation on the OSCC cell line in vitro. Materials and Methods Patient Characteristics and Clinical Specimens One houndred and thirty-eight male and 21 female were diagnosed as OSCC patients at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Tao-Yuan, Taiwan) between 2002 and 2007 and enrolled in this study. Patient age at diagnosis ranged from 22.0 to 84.0 years (mean, 51.9 ±12.3). The associated subsites of the oral cavity were buccal mucosa (62 patients), gum (21), hard palate (5), lip (5), floor of the mouth (5), and tongue (61). Patients with at least one of the following conditions were considered ineligible: unresectable or inoperable cancer, other primary cancer (synchronous or metachronous), recurrent cancer, distant metastasis, prior history of malignancy, treatment with neoadjuvant therapy, medical contraindication for surgery, or individuals lost to follow-up. Lesions diagnosed as carcinoma in situ, verrucous carcinoma or a histologically basaloid subtype were also not included in the study. All patients provided informed consent prior to study participation, and the study was approved by th e Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients underwent standard preoperative work-ups according to institutional guidelines, including detailed medical history, complete physical examination, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans of the head and neck, chest radiographs, bone scan, and abdominal ultrasound. Primary tumors were excised with adequate margins under intraoperative frozen section control. Surgical defects were immediately reconstructed via free flap or local flap by plastic surgeons, if necessary. Following surgical treatment, pathological TNM classification of all tumors was established according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (2007). After discharge, all patients had regular follow-up visits every 2 months for the first year, every 3 months for the second year, and every 6 months thereafter.28-30 RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Detection of BST2 According to the manufacturer’s protocol, total RNA of sixty paired OSCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues was extracted and purification by using RNAzol B reagent (Tel-Test, Friendwood, TX) and an RNeasy cleanup kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). 5ug of total RNA was used for first-strand cDNA synthesis and then adding to a reaction mixture comprising of commercially purchasable primers (BST2 Hs00171632_m1 and normalization control B2M, Hs00984230_m1 and ACTB, Hs99999903_m1 ; Assay-on-Demand, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix, and RNase-free water. 7900 HT Sequence Detection System was used for performing quantitative real-time RT-PCR and the result was analyzed with SDS version 2 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). All experiments were repeated in duplicate, and the mean fold-change of each sample was calculated. Western blot analysis Proteins were extracted from culture cells with RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.0150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.2 % Na-deoxylate, 1x protease cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and the concentrations determined using the BCA protein assay kit (Perice Biotechnology) Samples were separated on 12% SDS gels, transferred to PVDF membranes (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Buckinghamshire, UK), and probed using rabbit monoclonal anti-BST2 antibody (Epitomics, Burlingame, CA), mouse monoclonal beta-actin antibody (MAB1501, Chemicon, Billerica, MA), and mouse monoclonal GAPDH antibody (Novus, Littleton, CO). The beta-actin and GAPDH signals were used as the loading controls. Densitometer quantitation was also measured to demonstrate the relative fold differences of prtein levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurement ELISA kit for human BST2 (CUSABIO, Hubei, China) was used for determining the BST2 levels in the tested samples. Human recombinant BST2 was used as the standard. Briefly, 100 ÃŽ ¼l of samples or standard were added to a murine monoclonal antibody against BST2 coated microtiter plates and incubated for 2 h at room temperature. After the plates were washing with wash butter for three times, a biotin-conjugated polyclonal antibody was added and further incubated for 1 h at room temperature. The plates were washed three times again and 100 ÃŽ ¼l of horseradish peroxidase-avidin was added at room temperature for 1 h. After the plates were washed five times and 90 ÃŽ ¼l of tetramethylbenzidine was added to each well. The reaction was terminated by adding of 2 N sulfuric acid, and the optical density of each well was measured by a microplate reader set to 450 nm. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Immunohistochemical Staining For immunohistochemistry, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were cut into 4 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m sections, deparaffinized, rehydrated, and prepared for antigen retrieval. Slides of consecutive sections were incubated with the appropriate antibodies: rabbit monoclonal anti-BST2 antibody (diluted 1:30, Epitomics, Burlingame, CA) at room temperature for 1 hour. After incubation, slides were washed three times with phosphate buffered saline, incubated with horseradish peroxidase polymer antibody (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) at room temperature for 10 min, and developed by the addition of 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) reagent (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) as the chromogen and hematoxylin as the counterstain. A ScanScope CT automated slide-scanning system (Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA) was used for obtaining images of stained slides. Expression of BST2 was scored using a combined scoring method accounting for both percentage of stained cell s and staining intensity and.31-33 Strong to negative staining intensities were scored from 3 to 0. For each intensity score, cells staining at that specific level were visually estimated and calculated as a percentage. The resultant combined score was calculated as the sum of the intensity scores multiplied by the percentage of stained cells. All specimens were evaluated independently by our pathologists (Liang Y and Hseuh C) who had blinded to clinical origin of the specimen. Knockdown of BST2 Using RNA Interference (RNAi) SMARTpool small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Dharmacon, Lafayette, CO) .RNAi specifically targeting human BST2 (No. L-011817-00-0005, Dharmacon) and a scrambled control RNAi (No. D-001810-10-05, Dharmacon) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Rockford, IL). RNAi (at a final concentration 400 nM) was mixed with Lipofectamine RNAiMAXTM (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and Opti-MEM medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) without serum, incubated for 20 min at room temperature, and then added to OEC-M1 cells that were seeded at a density of 1 Ãâ€" 105 cells per well in six-well plates. After incubation for 6 h at 37 °C, transfer fresh culture medium (RPMI medium containing 10% FBS) was added to each well. After transfection for 48 h, cells were harvested for analysis of cell migration, and invasive capacity. Cell Proliferation Assay Cell proliferation ability was determined using the methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) assay (Bionovas Biotechnology, Toronto, Canada). After transfection for 24 h, cells were seeded at a density of 5 x103cells/well in RPMI medium containing 10% FBS. At the end of another 48-hour incubation period, the medium was exchanged with MTT solution at a final concentration of 1 mg/mL, and cells placed in a culture incubator at 37oC for 1 h. After washing twice with PBS, cells were solubilized with 0.1 ml of DMSO at 37oC for 1 h. The converted dye was measured at 540 nm. Three independent experiments were performed in quadruplicate. The average value of the control experiment was taken as 100% proliferation, and used to calculate the percentage of cell proliferation for each treatment. Cell Migration Assay Cell migration was evaluated using a chemotaxis chamber (Corning, Lowell, MA) with a polycarbonate membrane (8-ÃŽ ¼m pore size) placed between the two chambers. Transfected OEC-M1 cells (1 Ãâ€" 105) in 200 ÃŽ ¼l of serum free culture medium were applied to the upper chamber and 600 ÃŽ ¼l of RPMI medium containing 10% FBS medium was added to the lower chamber. Chambers were incubated at 37 °C for 16 h, and then the membrane was fixed with methanol for 10 min and then stained with GIEMSA (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Cotton swab was used for removing the cells on the upper surface of the filter, and the cells which migrated through the membrane were counted in eight different visual fields under a light microscope (magnification: 200x). Each migration assay was performed in triplicate during three independent experiments. Statistical Analysis All statistical data display as means  ± SD. The significance was examined by Wilcoxon test. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was employed for comparison of the relative signal intensity of quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining scores between paired tumor and pericancerous normal mucosa samples. All patients had regular follow-up evaluations at our department until Apr 2012 or death. Survival analysis was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences evaluated using the log-rank test. The specific risk factors for disease-specific survival were analyzed with multivariate regression. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.1; SAS institute, Cary, NC). All P values were two-sided, and statistical significance accepted at P Results Overexpression of BST2 in tumor cells of OSCC tissues. Expression of BST2 was examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR in 60 paired OSCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Transcripts for BST2 were significantly elevated in OSCC tumor specimens as compared with adjacent normal tissue (155  ± 205 vs. 38  ± 53, P PP= 0.533; Fig. 1B), indicating that BST2 is more highly expressed in tumor cells of metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumor cells and almost absent in normal oral epithelia. Association of BST2 expression with various clinicopathological manifestations Next, we evaluated the relationships between increased BST2 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients (Table 1). Higher BST2 expression was significantly associated with higher pN status, advanced overall stage, positive perineural invasion, and greater tumor depth (P=0.049, 0.015, 0.021, and 0.010, respectively; Table 1). However, we observed no association between BST2 overexpression in OSCC tumors and patient age, sex, T stage, differentiation or bone invasion. Consistent with our hypothesis, BST2 overexpression was significantly (P=0.049) associated with nodal metastasis (pN status). Association of BST2 expression with overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) Based on expression data obtained from IHC, patients were stratified into two groups (high vs. low expression using 160 out of 300 as the cut-off value), and the possible association of BST2 expression with patient OS evaluated. Survival analysis revealed that the five-year OS rates for patients stratified into high and low BST2 expression subgroups were 66.8% and 51.2%, respectively. These differences in OS were not significant, compared in the log-rank test (P=0.059; Figure 2A). However, the Kaplan-Meier plots evaluated 5-year DSS rates for patients stratified by high and low BST2 expression as 74.0% and 53.7%, respectively. These differences in DSS were statistically significant, as observed with the log-rank test (P= 0.009; Figure 2B). Moreover, five-year DFS rates for patients stratified based on high or low BST2 expression were also significantly different in the log-rank test (75.9% and 51.2%, respectively; P= 0.001) (Figure 2C). BST2 expression was additionally a significant predictor of DFS and DSS in univariate analysis with the Cox proportional regression model. To further ascertain whether BST2 expression can be applied as an independent predictor of patient survival, multivariate analysis was performed using age, gender, pT status, pN status, overall stage, perineural invasion, tumor differentiation and BST2 expression as parameters in the Cox proportional regression model. Our results indicated that pT status, pN status and BST2 expression are independent predictors of DSS (P= 0.017, 0.002, and 0.047, respectively; Table 2). Similarly, we also found that pT status, pN status and BST2 expression are independent predictors of DFS (P= 0.014, BST2 Promotes OSCC Cell Migration In Vitro To evaluate the biological significance of BST2 overexpression in OSCC using an in vitro system, endogenous expression of BST2 in OSCC cells was knocked down using gene specific RNAi. The effects of RNAi were determined by the ELISA method in the supernatants of OEC-M1 cells transfected with either BST2-specific RNAi (si-BST2) or a scrambled sequence control RNAi. As shown in Supplementary Figure 2A, the levels of endogenous BST2 was significantly reduced (P=0.003; Supplementary Figure 2A) in si-BST2–transfected cells as compared with cells transfected with the control RNAi. Control and si-BST2–transfected cells were further analyzed for cell proliferation and migration. As shown in Supplementary Figure 2B, the cell proliferation ability in OEC-M1 cells was not significantly decreased in the si-BST2–transfected cells compared to the control RNAi transfected cells (P =0.435; Supplementary Fig 2B). However, the capability of OEC-M1 cell migration attenuated by addi tion of si-BST2 (70.2% reduction, P = 0.001; Supplementary Figure 2C). Collectively, these findings indicated that overexpression of BST2 in vitro can mediate cell migration in OSCC cells.

Why are people unequal in Society :: essays research papers

Why are People Unequal in Society?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Philosopher’s of the time of enlightenment the nature of society created inequality. These philosophers also believed that it was the job of the government to limit inequality and try to create conformity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now we are able to see that inequality emerges with each and every interaction. This is because every individual possesses qualities which may be better or worse than another’s. These qualities include things such as intelligence, athletic ability, and beauty. However, this has become a problem that we ourselves created. We choose to compare ourselves to others. Sociologists have examined two aspects of this problem. One of these aspects is the simplicity of how inequality arises in the first place. The second aspect is how it is perpetuated over time. Social structure is a social pattern that involves unequal ranks. Once these ranks are discovered inequality will always exist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main elements of inequality is the division of labor. There are three different settings for Division of Labor. The first setting is the economic setting. In this setting inequality occurs because of different jobs, money, positions of power, and dependence on others. This also creates inequality because an employer controls an employee. Once control is established there are automatically ranks. The boss may take advantage of his employee, and gain at this employee’s expense. Once this process has started it will never stop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second setting for division of labor is the organizational division of labor. This division includes such things as family, friends, groups, schools, politics, and churches. Within these groups there is a sense of the follower and the leader. These leadership positions allow there to be an advantage over others. This also shows that all organizations have few in power and many that must follow them in order to succeed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third setting for the Division of Labor is the intentional division. This includes things such as war. In war there are always winners and losers. The winners of course end up ruling the losers. This provides a division of labor in which the outcome was somewhat intentional. This inequality is created by those who crave organization and structure. If these people do not agree with another country’s way of rule, they will defeat them and in turn bring in their own statutes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social conflict is another way of creating inequality within a society.

Black Pillow by Frank Moore

Black Pillow 2002 by Frank Moore is set on a cornfield during daylight. In the background of the canvas there is a large factory with some plants and butterflies. The edge of this artwork has a yellow border and parts of this canvas are also lightly filled with the color yellow as well. On the left side of the canvas, there is a farmer in overalls that does not seem like he cares about what he is doing, pumping gas into the roots of the cornfield as he glowers into space.One the bottom of the canvas you can find the gasoline spilling all over the pillow of the cornfield, the white roots from the corn stand out from the black color of the gasoline. The art elements shown in â€Å"Black Pillow† are that it has a very warm feel to it since warm colors are used; it almost makes you feel like you are there outside in the hot field and gasoline. It is loosely spaced out since there is no color in the background that fills it up a lot except for some yellow lines and spots. It defini tely has bold colors to it and has no greyscale in it.The yellow has a significant contrast from the background and the black as well. The line of the corn leaves looks very alive and natural while the roots in the gasoline are stiff, rough and dead looking. This canvas shows how humans and industrialization are harming the corn crops by the gasoline, since gasoline consists of ten percent ethanol which comes from cornfields. The color yellow in the border of this artwork symbolizes rotting, heat, decay and death. Which fits in well with this theme since the careless farmer is pumping gas all over the roots of the cornfield.The gasoline which represents the color black means the coldness, negativity and evil that is pouring and taking over the corn which the color yellow can also symbolize joy, happiness, and optimism. The white root of the corn symbolizes how the innocence is being besieged by the gasoline’s coldness and evil. The gasoline in the pillow of the soil is where it gets its name â€Å"Black Pillow†. Personally, I believe Frank Moore got his message across in this artwork. He is portraying the decay of cornfields because of the increase in oil industry.The color symbolism is prevalent because the oil is the evil that is invading the cornfields for the benefit of more resources. It shows the evolution of where the oil comes from and how it is not used properly and is wasted on an everyday basis which causes pollution. Frank Moore’s point for this artwork is to show how ignoble humans are today and how bestial we are to our world enervating its natural beauty for our own selfish purposes. This topic is very imperative to our society today since gasoline is in high demands and our world’s pollution is getting worse by each day.

Amber Mileski Essays (959 words) - Family, Parenting, Free Essays

Amber Mileski Essays (959 words) - Family, Parenting, Free Essays Amber Mileski English 11 Textual Analysis February 28, 2017 Single Parenting and Dual Parenting Is single parenting better for children or is living in a home with both parents better for a child? Single parenting affects children in many ways, sometimes it doesn't affect them at all. Single parenting is more common now than rather back in the day. More parents are ending up alone because they are choosing to be. There isn't a very high percentage of single parent families but each year the percentage of single parent families rises. There are many children that live in a single parent home. Just because a child lives with one parent doesn't mean they are going to have issues. Living in a single parent home does make it harder for a child. Living in a single parent home does have many effects on a child. A child can suffer psychological and development problems. They are more likely to drop out of school and their chance of doing drugs and consuming alcohol is higher. Kids raised by one parent are less likely to be labeled or disgraced. So, to say if single parenting affects any peculiar child, it all depends. John Kelly states "A single parent with adequate resources may provide a stable home." I might say that this means that a parent with many resources as in extra help at home or help or abundant resources outside of the home, provide the single parent with more access of being able to be there for their child. One of the main themes in this article is the psychological effects of a child being in a single parent home. The theme of psychological effects of having a single parent is when a study took place in Sweden, looking at nearly a million health records of young people. It was explained that kids from single parent family had twice the incidence of psychological illness, wanting to attempt suicide, and they abuse alcohol. An example I'm going to use for the rest of this paragraph is about myself. I was raised in a single parent home, my grandmother raised me. My grandma worked her butt off, I went from sitter to sitter and saw my grandma at the end of the day. It really didn't influence me until I went to a friend's house and they had both their mom and dad. It was emotional but as I get older I believe it has more of a psychological effect on me now than it did when I was a child. Another major point on psychological effects of having a single parent is divorce. The theme of divorce is worry, hurt, fear, anger, revenge, guilt, and shame. Divorce is a very common reason parents end up single. Many children get exposed or drawn into the conflict that happens to parents before, during, and after parents split. Some parents are very selfish and try to pressure children to choose sides, which may leave them feeling guilty about having to pick a side. Children thrive on strength, security, and safety. For instance, single parents are more likely to move on or experience other disruptions that can affect a child. Uncertainty and emotional stress can increase the chances of a child having a psychological problem. A single parent can help prevent this by talking and listening to the child, protect the child from conflicts that happen between the parents, pay attention to the child and always try to stay positive. Development risks are higher with single parent families. The text concludes that single parents face issues when it comes to the child's progress in school compared to children that have both parents. An example I would like to use is myself again. I didn't face any issues in school, I knew my grandma was doing the best she could possibly do and if I needed help she found a way to help me. When I did good in school it relieved pressure off my grandma, and I knew that. So, that is what I did because I was aware of the affect it had on all of us. I can't say that all kids are like this because every single

Beginnings essays

Beginnings essays Psychiatrists say that a child's values are pretty much locked in by the age of ten. I grew up a child of suburban Chicago in the mid 1980s. I had a nice, cold, and snowy day for my birthday since I was born on December 30, 1985 and December is the peak of winter. My values and beliefs will be very different from someone that grew up in Coldwater, Michigan. Different religions also affect this lot since my Hindu beliefs and ideals would be entirely different from a Christians beliefs and ideals even if we grew up in the same neighborhood. Family plays a large part in my life, but it has not usually had a good impact upon it. Throughout my existence, the greed of other family members has plagued me with money problems. It would appear that, to them, having material possessions more important than assuring my well-being. My mother's parents kicked her out of the family. When my mom married my dad, my grandparents refused to speak to them; as did all the others from her family because she ran away and got married. When I was born, the families were back together in a sense. My dad worked for Drisilker, one of the worlds foremost electric motor repair facilities in the world. They received motors from all over the US, Switzerland, and Germany. My mom worked at the Taco Bell down the street as the shift manager. At the time, my dads 2 younger brothers were living with us also. They worked at various fast food restaurants. Neither of them was very responsible so they could not hold employment very long. I was born IBM PC-DOS 3.2 was released. That may later work into my fixation with computers. This new DOS system also helped push IBM further ahead into the computer market helping them to set the pace for the competition. That might help to explain my attachment to computers now. On the day I was born, President Zia of Pakistan ended martial law, and restored their constitution. When I see this ...

Managing Communication, Knowledge and Information Essay

Managing Communication, Knowledge and Information - Essay Example Recommendations are also suggested for some of the changes needed for the information to be managed properly within Tesco Company. 1.0 Introduction The Management official of Tesco Company understands the importance of decision- making in the operation of every aspect of the business. The company has a complex form of management due to its large size and the number of stores it operates which have reached up to 6 351 in numbers. The company also manages approximately 472 000 employees (Fernie 2005, p.36). This kind of work force has to be managed well if the company needs to maintain its growth and profitability. 2.0 Decision Making Process Decision making processes in the organization is as complex as is the Multinational Company itself. They rely on good information experience and consultation in making these decisions. The managers here are highly qualified and experienced. Decision making within the company happens at all level of the organization. The Board of directors are the grand strategic decisions maker about the investments and the future growth direction. The various managers of the various stores under the company are also involved in making decisions that continually contribute to the overall company objectives (Richardson 2004, p.15). Lastly, the ordinary employees are involved in making of decisions concerning their respective tasks. ... 29). Source: http://tutor2u.net/business/organisation/decisionmaking.htm The company has a well-established mission and vision statements. The Management officials must first identify the objectives of every action to be made. The objectives outlines the goals that the department, store or even the entire company want to achieve once the identified actions are carried out. A supervisor in Tesco Supermarkets identifies the need to increase the number of cashiers during peak hours so to improve the quality of customer service as well as reduce inconveniences and thus creating an overall good image of the company (Richardson 2004, p. 31). Once the objectives are identified, the decision maker is required to collect as much information as possible regarding the identified problem. This determines the cause of the problem and identifies various alternatives that can solve the same problem. The managers ensure that they gather all the information about the situation. This helps them to be aware of all the aspects of the issue. The managers of various stores carry out the studies to establish approximate numbers of customers that are shopping at various times of the day. They also identify the number of adequate cashiers that should serve customers at various times of the day. The analysis of information gathered identifies various alternatives available to the managers to make their decision. It also tries to find the viability of such information to eliminate chances of making an error. Once the manager is clear about all issues, they usually choose the most viable course of action to solve the identified problem. This decision is made after evaluating all the

The learning and teaching of mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The learning and teaching of mathematics - Essay Example The paper tells that decimal notation is a crisis experienced by children in mathematics. The researcher has faced instances where some children are unable to distinguish between small and large values when presented with decimal points. When the subject of decimals is first introduced to primary school children, there is a general belief that when the number is long, the value is high. This means that there is an existing problem in the ability to differentiate the values of digits with decimal points. For example, when the researcher ask children to assign the number with the highest values between 5.555, 5.55 and 5.5, 5.555 is given as the answer. The reasons children give are arguably connected to the way they view whole numbers and denote decimal points. This trend can be explained by a number of misconceptions in decimal notation. There is a general belief that numbers with more digits represent high values than those with small values. 5.555 is believed to have a large value t han 5.5 because 5.555 has four digits that make the number look bigger, and 5.5 has two digits that make the number look smaller. While this explanation may be true in some cases, several combination of numbers may not adhere to the misconception. For example, in differentiating between 0.12, 0.111 and 0.1012, children pick 0.1012 as the number with the greatest value because 0.12 has three digits, 0.111 has four and 0.1012 has five, hence, the more the number of the digits, the higher the value of the number. In reality, 0.12 has a higher value compared to 0.1012.